{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:37:09Z","timestamp":1773247029050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T12:04:31Z","timestamp":1171541071000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effect of interferon-beta1a on relapses and progression of disability in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Motamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Najimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed-Mohammad","family":"Fereshtehnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680009300502","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: care need for 2000 and beyond","volume":"93","author":"Nodder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.1.1.57","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: it's not the disease you thought it was","volume":"1","author":"Rolak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib3","first-page":"83","article-title":"Reason for hope: the advent of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis","volume":"162","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.3.1.41","article-title":"Insight into multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Wehman-Tubbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70071-5","article-title":"Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part I: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms847oa","article-title":"Conversion to multiple sclerosis after a clinically isolated syndrome of the brainstem: cranial magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid and neurophysiological findings","volume":"9","author":"Sastre-Garriga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms864oa","article-title":"Horizontal monocular saccadic failure: an unusual clinically isolated syndrome progressing to multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Frohman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011163432001","article-title":"Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Confavreux","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg081","article-title":"Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process","volume":"126","author":"Confavreux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0655-9","article-title":"Predicting the outcome of optic neuritis- evaluation of risk factors after 30 years of follow up","volume":"252","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04725-5","article-title":"Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis","volume":"357","author":"Comi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms914oa","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.6.1419","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographical based study\u20142. Predictive value of the early clinical course","volume":"112","author":"Weinshenker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(77)90010-8","article-title":"Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis\u20148. Early prognostic features of the later course of the illness","volume":"30","author":"Kuetzke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.5.341","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a regional study with some longitudinal data","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neuroserg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410315","article-title":"Correlation of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings in optic neuritis","volume":"41","author":"Jacobs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011341","article-title":"A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from multiple sclerosis","volume":"346","author":"Brex","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.7.944","article-title":"High- and low-risk profiles for the development of multiple sclerosis within 10 years after optic neuritis","volume":"121","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.2.217","article-title":"Infratentorial lesions predict long term disability in patients with initial findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Minneboo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04713.x","article-title":"MRI, VEP, SEP and biothesiometry suggest monosymptomatic acute optic neuritis to be a first manifestation of multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Frederiksen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.1.135","article-title":"The significance of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis","volume":"116","author":"Morrissey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02033357","article-title":"Link: Optic neuritis: findings on MRI, CSF examination and HLA class II typing in 60 patients and results of a short-term follow-up","volume":"241","author":"Soderstorm","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.495","article-title":"The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A ten year follow-up","volume":"121","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431301","article-title":"Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during the first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Jacobs","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the \u201cMcDonald Criteria\u201d","volume":"58","author":"Polman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260508","article-title":"The early risk of multiple sclerosis following isolated acute syndromes of the brainstem and spinal cord","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.4.635","article-title":"Quantitative brain MRI lesion load predicts the course of clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Filippi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1404","article-title":"The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial","volume":"49","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.7.974","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis- from probably to definite diagnosis: a 7-year prospective study","volume":"57","author":"Achiron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.572","article-title":"A prospective study on the predictive value of CSF oligoclonal bands and MRI in acute isolated neurological syndromes for subsequent progression to multiple sclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Paolino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.9.1720","article-title":"Practice parameter: the usefulness of evoked potentials identifying clinically silent lesions in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"54","author":"Gronseth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib33","series-title":"McAlpine's multiple sclerosis","first-page":"43","article-title":"Clinical aspects","author":"Matthews","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390304","article-title":"Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Jacobs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon \u03b2-1a in relapsing\/remitting multiple sclerosis). Lancet 1998;352:1498\u2013504 [Erratum, Lancet 1999;353:678].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03334-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.655","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430114","article-title":"Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon \u03b2-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Simon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1698","article-title":"Use of brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS","volume":"53","author":"Rudick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1277","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized, controlled trial [see comments]","volume":"45","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2005.10.011","article-title":"The interleukin-10 levels as a potential indicator of positive response to interferon beta treatment of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"108","author":"Bartosik-Psujek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.3.393","article-title":"Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"120","author":"Ferguson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380502","article-title":"Axonal transaction in the lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"338","author":"Trapp","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.1.103","article-title":"Imaging axonal damage of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis","volume":"121","author":"Fu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib44","first-page":"1034","article-title":"The prognostic value of MR and MTI findings at presentation in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS","volume":"21","author":"Iannucci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059","article-title":"Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Barkhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.8.1689","article-title":"Detection of ventricular enlargement in patients at the earliest clinical stage of MS","volume":"54","author":"Brex","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.679","article-title":"Evidence of interferon b-1a dose response in relapsing-remitting MS","volume":"53","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.3.682","article-title":"Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action","volume":"51","author":"Yong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis: the Optic Neuritis Study Group","volume":"326","author":"Beck","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237641.33768.8d","article-title":"Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes","volume":"67","author":"Kappos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70095-8","article-title":"Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part 2: non-conventional MRI, recovery processes, and management","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199906000-00013","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: implications for trial design","volume":"12","author":"Wingerchuck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846707000224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846707000224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T17:11:17Z","timestamp":1556125877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846707000224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0303846707000224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-8467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}}}