{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:47:19Z","timestamp":1792176439874,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clineu-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T01:13:07Z","timestamp":1412385187000},"page":"33-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cervical and cervicomedullary spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: Efficacy and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Chivukula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Tempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhiram V.","family":"Gande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Moossy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.2.0233","article-title":"Mapping of sensory responses to epidural stimulation of the intraspinal neural structures in man","volume":"78","author":"Barolat","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0010","first-page":"S1878","article-title":"Is spinal cord stimulation safe? A review of its complications","volume":"13","author":"Bendersky","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3109\/02688698709034343","article-title":"Nucleus caudalis DREZ lesions for facial pain","volume":"1","author":"Bernard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-001-0026-x","article-title":"Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic evaluation and treatment strategies","volume":"5","author":"Biondi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.03.044","article-title":"Properties of neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis responding to noxious dural and facial stimulation","volume":"1046","author":"Bolton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000099918","article-title":"The caudalis DREZ for facial pain","volume":"68","author":"Bullard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0035","first-page":"57","article-title":"Neuroaugmentation in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity","volume":"64","author":"Calvillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.07.002","article-title":"Paddle lead cervical spinal cord stimulation for failed neck surgery syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Chivukula","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0238-7","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: a review","volume":"16","author":"Compton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2010.00289.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Constantini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.SPINE09193","article-title":"Cervical cord compression due to delayed scarring around epidural electrodes used in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Dam-Hieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0060","article-title":"Effectiveness of cervical spinal cord stimulation for the management of chronic pain","author":"Deer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh072","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome: cervical and lumbar devices are comparably effective","volume":"92","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699409002949","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Francaviglia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9419-5_28","article-title":"The Duke experience with the nucleus caudalis DREZ operation","volume":"64","author":"Gorecki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2003.03093.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of chronic cluster headache treated surgically with trigeminal tractotomy","volume":"43","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318195b53e","article-title":"Four-limb neurostimulation with neuroelectrodes placed in the lower cervical epidural space","volume":"110","author":"Hayek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0072-7","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: a review of evidence-supported treatment options","volume":"7","author":"Hord","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0095","first-page":"147","article-title":"Computed tomography-guided percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy-nucleotomy","volume":"63","author":"Kanoplat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0100","first-page":"2105","article-title":"Refractory occipital neuralgia: pre-operative assessment with CT-guided nerve block prior to dorsal cervical rhizotomy","volume":"24","author":"Kapoor","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/2\/0292","article-title":"Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Kemler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.3.0402","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: a 10-year experience","volume":"75","author":"Kumar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(98)00012-3","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation for treatment of chronic pain \u2013 some predictors of success: a 15-year experience","volume":"50","author":"Kumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.028","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325731.46702.D9","article-title":"The effects of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain are sustained: a 24-month follow-up of the prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182181e60","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation is effective in management of complex regional pain syndrome I: fact or fiction","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.01.014","article-title":"Quality of life, resource consumption and costs of spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management in neuropathic pain patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS trial)","volume":"12","author":"Manca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.4.0519","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in management of chronic pain. A 9-year experience","volume":"70","author":"Meglio","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.03.019","article-title":"Retrograde C0\u2013C1 insertion of cervical plate electrode for chronic intractable neck and arm pain","volume":"76","author":"Moens","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0150","series-title":"The DREZ Operation","first-page":"159","article-title":"Microsurgical trigeminal caudalis nucleus DREZ procedure","author":"Nashold","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255522.42579.EA","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"North","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00371.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus re-operation in patients with failed back surgery syndrome: an international multicenter randomized controlled trial (EVIDENCE study)","volume":"14","author":"North","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198901000-00010","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in vasospastic disorders of the upper limbs","volume":"24","author":"Robaina","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2005.00032.x","article-title":"Peripheral neurostimulation in the management of cervicogenic headache: four case reports","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigo-Royo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196707000-00025","article-title":"Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns: preliminary clinical report","volume":"46","author":"Shealy","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2003.03003.x","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation for pain: a report of 41 patients","volume":"6","author":"Simpson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2002._2003.x","article-title":"National Italian register of implantable systems for spinal cord stimulation (SCS): analysis of preliminary data","volume":"5","author":"Soldati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.02.004","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness literature and assessment of prognostic factors","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01829.x","article-title":"Cervicomedullary junction spinal cord stimulation for head and facial pain","volume":"51","author":"Tomycz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/305","article-title":"Neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord in the treatment of chronic intractable neck and upper extremity pain: a case series and review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Vallejo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2003.03022.x","article-title":"C1\u2013C2 sublaminar insertion of paddle leads for the management of chronic painful conditions of the upper extremity","volume":"6","author":"Whitworth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01661.x","article-title":"High cervical epidural neurostimulation for cluster headache: case report and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Wolter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00410.x","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of factors influencing clinical efficacy","volume":"15","author":"Wolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/203","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of 23 patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Wolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846714003850?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846714003850?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1650322961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846714003850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0303846714003850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-8467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cervical and cervicomedullary spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: Efficacy and outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}