{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:36:52Z","timestamp":1790897812152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T16:53:52Z","timestamp":1533833632000},"page":"163-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord following nitrous oxide anesthesia: A systematic review of cases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Kishan K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Mejia Munne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal Raj Nitish","family":"Gunness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Hersey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Alshafai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sciubba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gimbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aria","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0005","article-title":"How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency?","volume":"89","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2016.00027","article-title":"Biomarkers and algorithms for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Hannibal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"June (Suppl. 2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S117","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency on brain development in children","volume":"29","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149286","article-title":"Plasma vitamin B12 status and cerebral white-matter lesions","volume":"80","author":"de Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050090","article-title":"Retardation of myelination due to dietary vitamin B12 deficiency: cranial MRI findings","volume":"27","author":"Lovblad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkv019","article-title":"Nitrous oxide in modern anaesthetic practice","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJA Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00298","article-title":"Methylcobalamin promotes the differentiation of Schwann cells and remyelination in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination of the rat sciatic nerve","volume":"9","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"July (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.04.004","article-title":"The multi-faceted basis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: lessons learned from its deficiency","volume":"88","author":"Scalabrino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"November (22)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0045","first-page":"1979","article-title":"Restorative effect and mechanism of mecobalamin on sciatic nerve crush injury in mice","volume":"9","author":"Gan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0050","first-page":"601","article-title":"Normal prions as a new target of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in rat central nervous system","volume":"51","author":"Scalabrino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0055","article-title":"The role of vitamin B12 in the management and optimization of treatment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"0","author":"Nouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114521","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings","volume":"15","author":"Briani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/22201173.2010.10872662","article-title":"Nitrous oxide in 2010: who will have the last laugh? (part 1)","volume":"16","author":"De Vasconcellos","year":"2014","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Anaesth. Analg."},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420240099018","article-title":"Neurologic degeneration associated with nitrous oxide anesthesia in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"128","author":"Flippo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Surg. (Chicago, Ill: 1960)"},{"issue":"January-February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(07)91563-8","article-title":"Postoperative dementia: toxicity of nitrous oxide","volume":"33","author":"El Otmani","year":"2007","journal-title":"L\u2019Encephale"},{"issue":"October (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0080","first-page":"443","article-title":"Paraparesis following anaesthesia with nitrous oxide","volume":"43","author":"Fernandez-Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.5.0732","article-title":"Postoperative myeloneuropathy: a preventable complication in patients with B12 deficiency","volume":"72","author":"Holloway","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000014","article-title":"Unrecognized cobalamin deficiency, nitrous oxide, and reversible subacute combined degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126098.x","article-title":"Neurotoxicity from overuse of nitrous oxide","volume":"163","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.380","article-title":"Nitrous oxide anesthesia-associated myelopathy","volume":"57","author":"Marie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0105","first-page":"1608","article-title":"\u2019Anesthesia paresthetica\u2019: nitrous oxide-induced cobalamin deficiency","volume":"45","author":"Kinsella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei300","article-title":"Reversible nitrous oxide myelopathy and a polymorphism in the gene encoding 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase","volume":"96","author":"Lacassie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0115","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to different etiologies and improvement of MRI findings","volume":"2013","author":"Gursoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep. Neurol. Med."},{"issue":"June-July (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0120","first-page":"225","article-title":"Nitrous oxide induced sub-acute combined degeneration of spinal cord: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Somyreddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.01.019","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency and subacute combined degeneration after nitrous oxide anesthesia: a case report","volume":"86","author":"Ahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"May (19)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-569186","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist","volume":"129","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"August (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12372","article-title":"Neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical manifestations of nitrous oxide abuse: a systematic review of the case literature","volume":"25","author":"Garakani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0140","unstructured":"K. Phan, A.E. Dunn, J.S. Kim, et al., Impact of preoperative anemia on outcomes in adults undergoing elective posterior cervical fusion. Glob. Spine J. 0 (0) 2192568217705654."},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200112000-00034","article-title":"Preoperative oral B vitamins prevent nitrous oxide-induced postoperative plasma homocysteine increases","volume":"93","author":"Badner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182870e46","article-title":"Nitrous oxide and cardiovascular outcome: perspective from the POISE trial","volume":"116","author":"McKay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"Winter (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-55.4.124","article-title":"Nitrous oxide and the inhalation anesthetics","volume":"55","author":"Becker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Prog."},{"issue":"October (9952)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60893-X","article-title":"The safety of addition of nitrous oxide to general anaesthesia in at-risk patients having major non-cardiac surgery (ENIGMA-II): a randomised, single-blind trial","volume":"384","author":"Myles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"August (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2000.00287.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on laboratory and clinical parameters in elderly Omani patients: a randomized double-blind study","volume":"25","author":"Deleu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0170","first-page":"36","article-title":"Severe polyneuropathy after using nitrous oxide as an anesthetic. A preventable disease?","volume":"29","author":"Alarcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Neurol."},{"issue":"April (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.4.563","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord after nitrous oxide anaesthesia: role of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"64","author":"Beltramello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(07)90409-9","article-title":"Nitric-oxide triggered neurological disorders in subjects with vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"163","author":"Cohen Aubart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revue neurologique."},{"issue":"September (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107387","article-title":"Acute neurologic decompensation in an infant with cobalamin deficiency exposed to nitrous oxide","volume":"137","author":"Felmet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"June-July(6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0190","first-page":"307","article-title":"Anesthesia paresthetica: contribution of a new case and evolutive study using magnetic resonance","volume":"13","author":"Giron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199510000-00028","article-title":"Severe neurologic deficit after nitrous oxide anesthesia","volume":"83","author":"Hadzic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00336.x","article-title":"MR findings in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by nitrous oxide anaesthesia\u2013two cases","volume":"9","author":"Ilniczky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"June (26)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0205","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: easy diagnosis, effective treatment","volume":"145","author":"Jongen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde"},{"issue":"February (9152)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10090-9","article-title":"Spastic paraparesis after anaesthesia","volume":"353","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"November (37)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0215","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Combined sclerosis of the spinal cord \"revisited\"","volume":"28","author":"Masson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1224","article-title":"Combined system disease after nitrous oxide anesthesia: a case report","volume":"45","author":"McMorrow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"August (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124908.x","article-title":"Vitamin B12 myeloneuropathy precipitated by nitrous oxide anaesthesia","volume":"165","author":"Nestor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0013-2","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by nitrous oxide anaesthesia","volume":"30","author":"Renard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.3.354","article-title":"Severe combined degeneration of the spinal cord after nitrous oxide anaesthesia in a vegetarian","volume":"60","author":"Rosener","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0240","first-page":"111","article-title":"Clinical and MRI manifestations of nitrous oxide induced vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Safari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"March (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370120083027","article-title":"Is nitrous oxide a dangerous anesthetic for vitamin B12-deficient subjects?","volume":"255","author":"Schilling","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050812","article-title":"Myeloneuropathy following nitrous oxide anesthaesia in a patient with macrocytic anaemia","volume":"41","author":"Sesso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20840","article-title":"Reversible nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy with pernicious anemia: case report and literature review","volume":"37","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"September-October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0260","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: MR findings","volume":"14","author":"Timms","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"July (6\u20137)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016_bib0265","first-page":"665","article-title":"Postoperative combined medullary sclerosis revealing Biermer\u2019s disease: toxic effect of nitrous oxide","volume":"156","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revue neurologique"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.11.012","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000}}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846718303275?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846718303275?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T14:16:36Z","timestamp":1604758596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846718303275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0303846718303275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.11.012","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-8467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord following nitrous oxide anesthesia: A systematic review of cases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}