{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:47:18Z","timestamp":1785444438901,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T11:58:20Z","timestamp":1551095900000},"page":"74-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Retrospective analysis of accuracy and positive predictive value of preoperative lumbar MRI grading after successful outcome following outpatient endoscopic decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-2914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Lewandrowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0005","article-title":"Outside-in\u201d technique, clinical results, and indications with transforaminal lumbar endoscopic surgery: a retrospective study on 220 patients on applied radiographic classification of foraminal spinal stenosis","volume":"1","author":"Lewandrowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"issue":"July (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.04.005","article-title":"Minimally invasive techniques for the management of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"38","author":"Yeung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"September-October (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.01.014","article-title":"Posterolateral transforaminal selective endoscopic discectomy and thermal annuloplasty for chronic lumbar discogenic pain: a minimal access visualized intradiscal surgical procedure","volume":"4","author":"Tsou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"January-February (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00153-X","article-title":"Transforaminal endoscopic decompression for radiculopathy secondary to intracanal noncontained lumbar disc herniations: outcome and technique","volume":"2","author":"Tsou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0025","first-page":"255","article-title":"Advances in endoscopic disc and spine surgery: foraminal approach","volume":"11","author":"Yeung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"issue":"October","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.065","article-title":"Outpatient Lumbar Microdiscectomy in France: from an economic imperative to a clinical standard\u2014an observational study of 201 cases","volume":"106","author":"Debono","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"413","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0035","article-title":"Lessons learned from 27 years\u2019 experience and focus operating on symptomatic conditions of the spine under local anesthesia: the role and future of endoscopic spine surgery as a \u201cDisruptive technique\u201d for evidenced based medicine","volume":"7","author":"Yeung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Spine"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0040","first-page":"445","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with outpatient lumbar microsurgical discectomy: a qualitative study","volume":"50","author":"Hersht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg."},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0045","first-page":"15","article-title":"A worsening opioid epidemic prompts action","volume":"117","author":"Zolot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1160776","article-title":"Facing the challenge of pain management and opioid misuse, abuse, and opioid-related fatalities","volume":"9","author":"Cheatle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.05.001","article-title":"The surgeon\u2019s roles in stemming the prescription opioid abuse epidemic","volume":"74","author":"Hupp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0060","first-page":"238","article-title":"Recognizing and reducing the risk of opioid misuse in orthopaedic practice","volume":"25","author":"Kee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Surg. Orthop. Adv. Winter"},{"issue":"October Suppl. (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0065","article-title":"A cost-utility analysis of lumbar decompression with and without fusion for degenerative spine disease in the elderly","volume":"77","author":"Devin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.SPINE11308","article-title":"Cost per quality-adjusted life year gained of revision neural decompression and instrumented fusion for same-level recurrent lumbar stenosis: defining the value of surgical intervention","volume":"16","author":"Adogwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"October Suppl. (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000945","article-title":"Trends for spine surgery for the elderly: implications for access to healthcare in North America","volume":"77","author":"O\u2019Lynnger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0080","first-page":"369","article-title":"Endoscopic identification and treating the pain generators in the lumbar spine that escape detection by traditional imaging studies","volume":"6","author":"Yeung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Spine"},{"issue":"December XXI","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0085","first-page":"299","article-title":"Gore SR in-vivo endoscopic visualization of patho-anatomy in symptomatic degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine II: intradiscal, foraminal, and Central Canal Decompression","volume":"1","author":"Yeung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0090","first-page":"243","article-title":"In-vivo endoscopic visualization of patho-anatomy in painful degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine","volume":"15","author":"Yeung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"issue":"August (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.14444\/5040","article-title":"Readmissions after outpatient transforaminal decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis","volume":"12","author":"Lewandrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"issue":"October","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.07.015","article-title":"Successful outcome after outpatient transforaminal decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis: the positive predictive value of diagnostic epidural steroid injection","volume":"173","author":"Lewandrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0105","article-title":"Incidence, cost, and management of complications after transforaminal endoscopic decompression surgery for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis: a value proposition for outpatient ambulatory surgery","volume":"20","author":"Lewandrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg."},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.6.1115","article-title":"Correlation of 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging with clinical and intraoperative findings for lumbar disc herniation","volume":"10","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"issue":"July (13)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001944","article-title":"Stand-alone lateral recess decompression without discectomy in patients presenting with claudicant radicular pain and MRI evidence of lumbar disc herniation: a prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.07.005","article-title":"Diagnostic abilities of magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic injury to the posterior ligamentous complex: the effect of years in training","volume":"11","author":"Crosby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"April (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0125","first-page":"303","article-title":"MRI and myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar canal stenosis and disc herniation. A comparative study","volume":"104","author":"Jia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl)"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5280-7","article-title":"Dural sac cross-sectional area and morphological grade show significant associations with patient-rated outcome of surgery for lumbar central spinal stenosis","volume":"26","author":"Mannion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"May (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181e1cd99","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar foraminal stenosis: preoperative diagnosis and surgical strategy","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0140","series-title":"Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care: Diagnosis and Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation With Radiculopathy","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0145","series-title":"Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care: Diagnosis and Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis","year":"2011"},{"issue":"June (14)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828ce66d","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging predictors of surgical outcome in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"38","author":"Lurie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.5.1533084","article-title":"Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults: a meta analysis of the accuracy of CT, MR, and myelography","volume":"158","author":"Kent","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"August (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199306040-00002","article-title":"A comparison of computed tomography-myelography, magnetic resonance imaging, and myelography in the diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus and spinal stenosis","volume":"6","author":"Bischoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord."},{"issue":"October (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.4.757","article-title":"Lumbar herniated disk disease and canal stenosis: prospective evaluation by surface coil MR, CT, and myelography","volume":"147","author":"Modic","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200212000-00003","article-title":"Fluoroscopically guided lumbar transformational epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar stenosis: an outcome study","volume":"81","author":"Botwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"August (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.2969118","article-title":"Epidural steroid injection: a procedure ideally performed with fluoroscopic control","volume":"168","author":"el-Khoury","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0180","series-title":"Spinal Care: Diagnosis and Treatment","first-page":"322","article-title":"Epidural spinal injections","author":"Bogduk","year":"1995"},{"issue":"August (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/15.3.185","article-title":"Application of visual-analogue scales to the measurement of functional capacity","volume":"15","author":"Huskisson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Rehabil."},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0190","first-page":"204","article-title":"Comparison of the temporary diagnostic relief of transforaminal epidural steroid injection approaches: conventional versus posterolateral technique","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"July (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00004","article-title":"Negative disc exploration. An analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients","volume":"53","author":"Macnab","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"13 March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198803000-00015","article-title":"Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy, and surgical decompression","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0219-4","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for migrated disc herniation: classification of disc migration and surgical approaches","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00005","article-title":"Lumbar foraminal stenosis: critical heights of the intervertebral discs and foramina. A cryomicrotome study in cadaver","volume":"77","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"September (17)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","article-title":"Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Pfirrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"April (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2772","article-title":"A practical MRI grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis","volume":"194","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"November (24)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E890","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245955.22358.3a","article-title":"Transforaminal posterolateral endoscopic discectomy with or without the combination of a low-dose chymopapain: a prospective randomized study in 280 consecutive cases","volume":"31","author":"Hoogland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-005-1156-9","article-title":"Endoscopic transforaminal nucleotomy with foraminoplasty for lumbar disk herniation","volume":"17","author":"Schubert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oper. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.3.0462","article-title":"Transforaminal arthroscopic decompression of lateral recess stenosis","volume":"84","author":"Kambin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"February (347)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0240","first-page":"150","article-title":"Arthroscopic microdiscectomy and selective fragmentectomy","author":"Kambin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0245","series-title":"Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines","year":"2000"},{"issue":"May (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2677","article-title":"Confidence intervals for predictive values with an emphasis to case-control studies","volume":"26","author":"Mercaldo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.566150","article-title":"Correlation between disability and MRI findings in lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective study of 109 patients operated on by decompression","volume":"82","author":"Sigmundsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"November (23)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E841","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bd11be","article-title":"Injury of the posterior ligamentous complex of the thoracolumbar spine: a prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"34","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"June (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.06.003","article-title":"Radiographic grading of facet degeneration, is it reliable? \u2014 a comparison of MR or CT grading with histologic grading in lumbar fusion candidates","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00013","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation","volume":"72","author":"Boden","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"September (9","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00002","article-title":"The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects: a seven-year follow-up study","volume":"83-A","author":"Borenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"April (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(02)00069-X","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis. Treatment strategies and indications for surgery","volume":"34","author":"Sengupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"November (11)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0033-4","article-title":"Patient-based outcomes for the operative treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"15","author":"Fokter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"July (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313265","article-title":"A randomized trial of epidural glucocorticoid injections for spinal stenosis","volume":"371","author":"Friedly","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"January (1 Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0295","first-page":"34","article-title":"Prospective multiple outcomes study of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: should 75 to 80% success rates be the norm?","volume":"96","author":"Asch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"December (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.12.051","article-title":"Targeted percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic diskectomy in 295 patients: comparison with results of microscopic diskectomy","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"issue":"August (16)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E326","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000134591.32462.98","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for recurrent disc herniation: surgical technique, outcome, and prognostic factors of 43 consecutive cases","volume":"29","author":"Ahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"March 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0310","first-page":"257","article-title":"The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements","volume":"85","author":"Chris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.2.4.357","article-title":"Detecting sequential patterns and determining their reliability with fallible observers","volume":"2","author":"Bakeman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2011.03997.x","article-title":"The biasing effect of clinical history on physical examination diagnostic accuracy","volume":"45","author":"Sibbald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-005014","article-title":"Is bias in the eye of the beholder? A vignette study to assess recognition of cognitive biases in clinical case workups","volume":"26","author":"Zwaan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"issue":"December Suppl. (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0330","first-page":"ii46","article-title":"Hindsight bias, outcome knowledge and adaptive learning","volume":"12","author":"Henriksen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual. Saf. Health Care"},{"issue":"March (6)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04407.x","article-title":"Hindsight bias in medicolegal expert reports","volume":"176","author":"Hugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2013.10.017","article-title":"Dealing with diagnostic uncertainty in general practice","volume":"107","author":"W\u00fcbken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z. Evid. Fortbild. Qual."}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846719300514?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846719300514?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T12:09:12Z","timestamp":1574078952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846719300514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0303846719300514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-8467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retrospective analysis of accuracy and positive predictive value of preoperative lumbar MRI grading after successful outcome following outpatient endoscopic decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.02.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}