{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:46:11Z","timestamp":1790199971143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T10:54:02Z","timestamp":1601722442000},"page":"106253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Percutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment of dorsal root ganglion for treatment of lumbar facet syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Wael Mohamed","family":"Moussa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3168-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhat","family":"Elsawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"August 354","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4","article-title":"Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain","volume":"14","author":"Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100100109","article-title":"Morphological basis for back pain: the demonstration of nerve fibers and neuropeptides in the lumbar facet joint capsule but not in ligamentumflavum","volume":"10","author":"Ashton","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0015","first-page":"14","article-title":"Kryorhizotomy: an alternative technique for lumbar medial branch rhizotomy in lumbar facet syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Barlocher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/545","article-title":"An analysis of reasons for failed back surgery syndrome and partial results after different types of surgical lumbar nerve root decompression","volume":"14","author":"Bokov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-004-0075-z","article-title":"Does osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine cause chronic low back pain?","volume":"8","author":"Borenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97372","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.97372","article-title":"Effects of pulsed radiofrequency on a standard model of muscle injury in rats","volume":"10","author":"Brasil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Pain Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110033251405","article-title":"A controlled trial of corticosteroid injections into facet joints for chronic low back pain","volume":"325","author":"Carette","year":"1991","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2493071999","article-title":"Lumbar spine: reliability of MR imaging findings","volume":"250","author":"Carrino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000287637.30163.a2","article-title":"The ability of diagnostic spinal injections to predict surgical outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200005150-00012","article-title":"Efficacy and validity of radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic lumbar zygapophysial joint pain","volume":"25","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318145a3a9","article-title":"Prevalence of lumbar facet arthrosis and its relationship to age, sex, and race: an anatomic study of cadaveric specimens","volume":"32","author":"Eubanks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0060","series-title":"The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire Physiotherapy","first-page":"271","author":"Fairbank","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0065","first-page":"193","article-title":"Radiofrequency facet joint denervation in the treatment of low back pain: a prospective controlled double-blind study to assess its efficacy","volume":"7","author":"Gallagher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20459","article-title":"Alternative denervation using laser irradiation in lumbar facet syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318184ef95","article-title":"Facet joint osteoarthritis and low back pain in the community-based population","volume":"33","author":"Kalichman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000128263.67291.A0","article-title":"Complications of lumbar facet radiofrequency denervation","volume":"29","author":"Kornick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0085","first-page":"534","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, prospective study comparing the efficacy of continuous versus pulsed radiofrequency in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Kroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J ClinAnesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31644-8","article-title":"The tissue origin of low back pain and sciatica: a report of pain response to tissue stimulation during operations on the lumbar spine using local anesthesia","volume":"22","author":"Kuslich","year":"1991","journal-title":"OrthopClin North Am"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107010-00003","article-title":"Radiofrequency facet joint denervation in the treatment of low back pain: a placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Leclaire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-130401","article-title":"Lumbar facet joint orientation and osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Linov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0105","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Randomized trial of radiofrequency lumbar facet denervation for chronic low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Maarten van","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2 Suppl)","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0110","first-page":"S49","article-title":"An update of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in chronic spinal pain. Part II: guidance and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-15","article-title":"Prevalence of facet joint pain in chronic spinal pain of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions","volume":"5","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0120","first-page":"S1","article-title":"An update of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in chronic spinal pain. Part I: introduction and general considerations","volume":"16","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/67","article-title":"Age-related prevalence of facet-joint involvement in chronic neck and low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90173-5","article-title":"Distribution of pain provoked from lumbar facet joints and related structures during diagnostic spinal infiltration","volume":"39","author":"Marks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2010.07.004","article-title":"Imaging the back pain patient","volume":"21","author":"Maus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Med RehabilClin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817329f0","article-title":"Percutaneous lumbar zygapophysial (Facet) joint neurotomy using radiofrequency current, in the management of chronic low back pain: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"33","author":"Nath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61805","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1805","article-title":"Early management of persistent non-specific low back pain: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"338","author":"Savigny","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817c4319","article-title":"Interaction between finite helical axes and facet joint forces under combined loading","volume":"33","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000143170.47345.44","article-title":"Effectiveness of repeated radiofrequency neurotomy for lumbar facet pain","volume":"29","author":"Schofferman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199405001-00006","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?","volume":"19","author":"Schwarzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90199-6","article-title":"The false-positive rate of uncontrolled diagnostic blocks of the lumbar zygapophysial joints","volume":"58","author":"Schwarzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.7.120","article-title":"Endoscopic Facet Debridement for the treatment of facet arthritic pain - a novel new technique","volume":"7","author":"Haufe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.4.0448","article-title":"Percutaneous radiofrequency denervation of spinal facets: treatment for chronic back pain and sciatica","volume":"43","author":"Shealy","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318074c99c","article-title":"A comparison of conventional and pulsed radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of chronic facet joint pain","volume":"23","author":"Tekin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100052227","article-title":"Percutaneous radiofrequency facet rhizotomy--experience with 118 procedures and reappraisal of its value","volume":"27","author":"Tzaan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909150-00013","article-title":"Randomized trial of radiofrequency lumbar facet denervation for chronic low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Van Kleef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00012","article-title":"Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions","volume":"22","author":"Van Tulder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000120792.69705.c9","article-title":"Radiofrequency denervation of lumbar facet joints in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, sham lesion-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Van Wijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0984-3","article-title":"The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part II: diagnosis and management","volume":"40","author":"Varlotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.09.004","article-title":"Percutaneous radiofrequency facet capsule denervation as an alternative target in lumbar facet syndrome","volume":"Vol. 150","author":"Wael Mohamed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060329","article-title":"Indicators of lumbar zygapophyseal joint pain: survey of an expert panel with the Delphi technique","volume":"87","author":"Wilde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.14444\/1023","volume":"8","author":"Yeung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","article-title":"A self-rating depression scale","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289809166096","volume":"20","author":"Kopect","year":"1998","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846720305965?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846720305965?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T14:33:41Z","timestamp":1759588421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846720305965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0303846720305965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-8467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Percutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment of dorsal root ganglion for treatment of lumbar facet syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106253","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106253"}}