{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:18:54Z","timestamp":1754558334613,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:48:49Z","timestamp":1692751729000},"page":"107948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cadaver investigation of the usefulness of the transstyloid diaphragm approach for high-position plaque carotid endarterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terushige","family":"Toyooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Yoshiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arata","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kojiro","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib1","first-page":"633","article-title":"[Angiographical evaluation of extracranial carotid artery: comparison between Japanese and Hungarian]","volume":"49","author":"Toyota","year":"1997","journal-title":"No Shinkei"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2335\/scs.40.100","article-title":"[The feasibility and limitation of fusion imaging of 3D-CT angiography and 2D-CT sagittal imaging for carotid endarterectomy with high-position internal carotid artery stenosis]","volume":"40","author":"Wada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg. Cereb. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.058","article-title":"Mandibular subluxation stabilized by mouthpiece for distal internal carotid artery exposure in carotid endarterectomy","volume":"52","author":"Yoshino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.002","article-title":"High cervical carotid endarterectomy--Outcome analysis","volume":"136","author":"Kondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040127","article-title":"Stenting and angioplasty with protection in patients at high risk for endarterectomy investigators, protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients","volume":"351","author":"Yadav","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.06.017","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy in patients with high plaque","volume":"166","author":"Vang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib7","first-page":"ONS25","article-title":"Exposure of the cervical internal carotid artery: surgical steps to the cranial base and morphometric study","volume":"59","author":"Beretta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1162-9","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the. styloid muscles and the extracranial glossopharyngeal nerve","volume":"36","author":"Prades","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199810000-00072","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of. the infratemporal fossa: the styloid diaphragm revisited","volume":"43","author":"Bejjani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2335\/scs.31.61","article-title":"[Carotid endarterectomy for patients with high cervical carotid artery stenosis]","volume":"31","author":"Uno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Cereb. Stroke (Jpn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02447-3","article-title":"Risk factors for silent new ischemic cerebral lesions following carotid artery stenting","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607382","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability as an explanation for the increased risk of stroke in elderly undergoing carotid artery stenting","volume":"42","author":"van Lammeren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.43.271","article-title":"Head and neck extension-fixation with a head frame for exposure of the distal internal carotid artery in carotid endarterectomy--technical note","volume":"43","author":"Takigawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.5.0926","article-title":"Mandibular subluxation as an adjunct to exposure of the distal internal carotid artery in endarterectomy surgery. Technical note","volume":"83","author":"Frim","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90593-X","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy for high plaques","volume":"157","author":"Hans","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib16","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. IV","volume":"209","author":"Blaisdell","year":"1969","journal-title":"A Rev. Surg. Consid., JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2020-0111","article-title":"Surgical technique for carotid endarterectomy: current methods and problems","volume":"60","author":"Uno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2253-z","article-title":"C1 transverse process-hyoid bone line for preoperative evaluation of the accessible internal carotid artery on carotid endarterectomy: technical note","volume":"157","author":"Kubota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2335\/scs.38.380","article-title":"[Surgical anatomy of styloid diaphragm for carotid endarterectomy in patients with high cervical carotid artery stenosis]","volume":"38","author":"Narumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Cereb. Stroke (Jpn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.17.2.3","article-title":"The microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve with respect to the jugular foramen lesions","volume":"17","author":"Ozveren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000064807.62571.02","article-title":"Anatomic landmarks of the glossopharyngeal nerve: a microsurgical anatomic study","volume":"52","author":"Ozveren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2019.52.1.1","article-title":"Anatomy and variations of digastric muscle","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.3.391","article-title":"Peripheral facial palsy and dysfunction of the oropharynx","volume":"72","author":"Se\u00e7il","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2005.06.014","article-title":"Electrophysiologic identification and evaluation of stylohyoid and posterior digastricus muscle complex","volume":"16","author":"Kurt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.12.028","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve","volume":"13","author":"Bademci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1162-9","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the styloid muscles and the extracranial glossopharyngeal nerve","volume":"36","author":"Prades","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.674","article-title":"Spinal accessory (11th) nerve palsy following carotid endarterectomy","volume":"42","author":"Sweeney","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0445","article-title":"Risk of persistent cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy","volume":"101","author":"Cunningham","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116008148","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve: review of the literature and case report of a rare anatomical variant","volume":"130","author":"Overland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.08.003","article-title":"Rare anatomical variant of the spinal accesory nerve: case report and comprehensive review","volume":"51","author":"Mills","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.03.008","article-title":"Anatomical variations in the relationship between the spinal accessory nerve and internal jugular vein: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"da Silva Correia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199710000-00014","article-title":"Ansa cervicalis nerve: review of the topographic anatomy and morphology","volume":"107","author":"Chhetri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830228","article-title":"Non-traumatic elevation techniques of the hypoglossal nerve during carotid endarterectomy: a cadaveric study","volume":"48","author":"Bademci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70052-2","article-title":"Mandibular subluxation for distal internal carotid exposure: technical considerations","volume":"30","author":"Simonian","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198608000-00013","article-title":"Patient positioning and nasal intubation for carotid endarterectomy","volume":"19","author":"Weiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2015.1071331","article-title":"Access to the carotid artery bifurcation: cadaveric study with application to nasotracheal intubation as a technique to improve access to a high carotid artery bifurcation","volume":"29","author":"Foreman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(87)90057-7","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal nerve injury complicationg carotid endarterectomy","volume":"5","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.7.JNS191743","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital approach to the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: a cadaveric study","volume":"133","author":"Gerges","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846723003645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303846723003645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T14:28:52Z","timestamp":1749220132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303846723003645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0303846723003645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-8467"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0303-8467"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cadaver investigation of the usefulness of the transstyloid diaphragm approach for high-position plaque carotid endarterectomy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107948","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107948"}}