{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:30:34Z","timestamp":1784205034390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T09:26:00Z","timestamp":1720949160000},"page":"100227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the UK: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cansu","family":"Ozdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000834","article-title":"Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species","volume":"144","author":"Nutman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0002","unstructured":"Organisation WH. Strongyloidiasis. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases\/soil-transmitted-helminthiases\/strongyloidiasis (Accessed 13th April 2023)."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt053","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis, the hidden worm. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 70 cases diagnosed in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Spain, 2003-2012","volume":"107","author":"Valerio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30490-X","article-title":"Prevalence of strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Asundi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0005","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. Parasites - Strongyloides. 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/strongyloides\/health_professionals\/index.html (accessed 13th April 2023)."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30289-0","article-title":"Multiple-dose versus single-dose ivermectin for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (Strong Treat 1 to 4): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled superiority trial","volume":"19","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468","article-title":"The Global Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection","volume":"9","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0008","unstructured":"Disparities OfHIa. Helminth infections: migrant health guide. 2023. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/helminth-infections-migrant-health-guide."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003018","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis\u2013an insight into its global prevalence and management","volume":"8","author":"Puthiyakunnon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2009.06196.x","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Feely","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.11.002","article-title":"A British Second World War veteran with disseminated strongyloidiasis","volume":"98","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-005-5060-x","article-title":"Fatal outcome of a hyperinfection syndrome despite successful eradication of Strongyloides with subcutaneous ivermectin","volume":"33","author":"Hauber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"10180","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30708-1","article-title":"Delayed Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome in a renal transplant patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia receiving high-dose corticosteroids","volume":"393","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800610621","article-title":"Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis in Great Britain","volume":"61","author":"Royle","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232461","article-title":"Strongyloides, HTLV-1 and small bowel obstruction","volume":"12","author":"Martyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0017","unstructured":"Wells G.A., Shea, B., O'Connell, D., et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp (Accessed 14th April 2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins J.P.T., Altman, D.G., G\u00f8tzsche, P.C., et al., Cochrane Bias Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. 2011. https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/resources\/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials (Accessed 14th April 2023).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020103","article-title":"High Prevalence of Strongyloides among South Asian Migrants in Primary Care-Associations with Eosinophilia and Gastrointestinal Symptoms","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.08.007","article-title":"The changing aetiology of eosinophilia in migrants and returning travellers in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London 2002-2015: an observational study","volume":"75","author":"Barrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"6190","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6190.572","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis infection in former Far East prisoners of war","volume":"2","author":"Gill","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch133","article-title":"Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection in former British Far East prisoners of war","volume":"97","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try132","article-title":"Is Strongyloides seropositivity associated with diabetes mellitus? A retrospective case-control study in an East London NHS Trust","volume":"113","author":"McGuire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0087","article-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Features of 413 Patients Treated for Imported Strongyloidiasis at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London","volume":"101","author":"Ming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01069.x","article-title":"Clinical presentation and diagnostic sensitivity of laboratory tests for Strongyloides stercoralis in travellers compared with immigrants in a non-endemic country","volume":"8","author":"Sudarshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw050","article-title":"Incidence rate and risk factors for giardiasis and strongyloidiasis in returning UK travellers","volume":"23","author":"Takaoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.7.357","article-title":"Endemic strongyloidiasis on the Spanish Mediterranean coast","volume":"94","author":"Sanchez","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1086\/322707","article-title":"Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection","volume":"33","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0029","unstructured":"UK M.W. Immigration and population change in the UK's towns and cities. 2022. https:\/\/www.migrationwatchuk.org\/briefing-paper\/493\/immigration-and-population-change-in-the-uks-towns-and-cities (Accessed 19th June 2023)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833df718","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis: there but not seen","volume":"23","author":"Montes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00532-9","article-title":"Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Loke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.016","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection at diagnosis and after treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007399","article-title":"Imported strongyloidiasis: data from 1245 cases registered in the +REDIVI Spanish Collaborative Network (2009-2017)","volume":"13","author":"Salvador","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006943","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis: spatial distribution of a highly prevalent and ubiquitous soil-transmitted helminth in Cambodia","volume":"13","author":"Forrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0923","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for screening and management of strongyloidiasis in non-endemic countries","volume":"97","author":"Requena-Mendez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn137","article-title":"Consequences of captivity: health effects of far East imprisonment in World War II","volume":"102","author":"Robson","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.3.335","article-title":"Parasitic diseases as the cause of death of prisoners of war during the Korean War (1950-1953)","volume":"52","author":"Huh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad127","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad127","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis in the US military health system","volume":"10","author":"Taheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0895","article-title":"Morbidity associated with chronic strongyloides stercoralis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.869163","article-title":"The influence of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions on immune response to helminth infections","volume":"13","author":"Oyesola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0042","first-page":"e33274","article-title":"Relevant dermatoses among U.S. military service members: an operational review of management strategies and telemedicine utilization","volume":"15","author":"Pendlebury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1086\/425935","article-title":"Why does HIV infection not lead to disseminated strongyloidiasis?","volume":"190","author":"Viney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0044","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) in England and Wales, 2004 to 2013: testing and diagnoses","volume":"22","author":"Ireland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0045","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and strongyloides stercoralis Co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0046","first-page":"141","article-title":"Disseminated strongyloidiasis in a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-case report","volume":"10","author":"Malakoutian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.04.012","article-title":"Management of strongyloides in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"32","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0048","first-page":"323","article-title":"Fatal strongyloidosis following corticosteroid therapy in a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia","volume":"29","author":"Suvajdzic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Haematologia (Budap)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0049","first-page":"593","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Strongyloides infection among steroid recipients in a tertiary care centre in North India","volume":"30","author":"Ramprasad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa047","article-title":"Should prospective renal transplant recipients be screened for Strongyloides stercoralis?","volume":"14","author":"Arkell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.4.653","article-title":"Opportunistic infections with Strongyloides stercoralis in renal transplantation","volume":"12","author":"DeVault","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.101981","article-title":"Risk of strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome when prescribing dexamethasone in severe COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"De Wilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0053","article-title":"Strongyloides and COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for future research","volume":"8","author":"Seeger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13170","article-title":"COVID-19 and dexamethasone: a potential strategy to avoid steroid-related strongyloides hyperinfection","volume":"324","author":"Stauffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1470211824054125?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1470211824054125?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T17:15:21Z","timestamp":1724519721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1470211824054125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1470211824054125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-2118"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-2118","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the UK: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinme.2024.100227","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100227"}}