{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:48:35Z","timestamp":1791060515190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]],"date-time":"2006-06-22T07:44:37Z","timestamp":1150962277000},"page":"1808-1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Effects of theta burst stimulation protocols on phosphene threshold"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Franca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Zu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440211","article-title":"Interictal cortical excitability in migraine: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor and visual cortices","volume":"44","author":"Afra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199807000-00002","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in study of the visual pathway","volume":"15","author":"Amassian","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200402090-00017","article-title":"No correlation between moving phosphene and motor thresholds: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study","volume":"15","author":"Antal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"6149","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/330649a0","article-title":"Long-term potentiation and NMDA receptors in rat visual cortex","volume":"330","author":"Artola","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1111","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitability of occipital cortex in migraine","volume":"50","author":"Aurora","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92413-4","article-title":"Non- invasive stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"II","author":"Barker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.7.1529","article-title":"Reduction of human visual cortex excitability using 1Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"54","author":"Boroojerdi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.5.529","article-title":"Enhanced excitability of the human visual cortex induced by short-term light deprivation","volume":"10","author":"Boroojerdi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251357198","article-title":"Mechanism underlying rapid experience-dependent plasticity in human visual cortex","volume":"98","author":"Boroojerdi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00198-0","article-title":"Visual and motor cortex excitability: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study","volume":"113","author":"Boroojerdi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1096-7","article-title":"Modulation of visual cortical excitability in migraine with aura: effects of 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"145","author":"Brighina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib12","first-page":"1P","article-title":"The variability of the human striate cortex","volume":"225","author":"Brindley","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.5.535","article-title":"The neural basis of Charles-Bonnet hallucination: a hypothesis","volume":"73","author":"Burke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.5.548","article-title":"Functional MRI-BOLD of visually triggered headache in patients with migraine","volume":"56","author":"Cao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398","article-title":"Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009280-00044","article-title":"Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers","volume":"11","author":"Coway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"Pt2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.080184","article-title":"Modulatory effects of low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual cortex of healthy subjects undergoing light deprivation","volume":"565","author":"Fierro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00228-4","article-title":"Evaluation of cortical excitability by motor and phosphene thresholds in transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"215","author":"Gerwig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf045","article-title":"Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"125","author":"Gothe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.5.1765","article-title":"Condition for the induction of long-term potentiation in layer II\/III horizontal connections of the rat motor cortex","volume":"75","author":"Hess","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00673-3","article-title":"The influence of current direction on phosphene thresholds evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"112","author":"Kammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3 Pt2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01634.1994","article-title":"Hebbian synapses in visual cortex","volume":"14","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-05-01599.1999","article-title":"Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinefrine","volume":"19","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.1.199","article-title":"The pathophysiology of the migraine aura. The spreading depression theory","volume":"117","author":"Lauritzen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90131-5","article-title":"Visual evoked potentials to stimulus trains: normative data and application to photosensitive seizures","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199405000-00001","article-title":"Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: description and probable site of stimulation","volume":"71","author":"Marg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib28","first-page":"121","article-title":"Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: description and probable site of stimulation","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl"},{"issue":"Pt3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086090","article-title":"Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol applied to visual cortex of anaesthetized cat: effects on visually evoked single-unit activity","volume":"566","author":"Moliadze","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041006565.x","article-title":"Visual cortex excitability in migraine with and without aura","volume":"41","author":"Mulleners","year":"2001","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057099","article-title":"Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness","volume":"292","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00279.2001","article-title":"Choinergic influences on use-dependent plasticity","volume":"87","author":"Sawaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00024-5","article-title":"Evoked potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine: published data and viewpoint on their pathophysiologic significance","volume":"114","author":"Schoenen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00130-5","article-title":"Motor and phosphene thresholds: a transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study","volume":"39","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib35","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Central neurogenic mechanism of migraine","volume":"43","author":"Welch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04028.x","article-title":"Consecutive transcranial magnetic stimulation: phosphene thresholds in migraineurs and controls","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-03-01115.1998","article-title":"Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block","volume":"18","author":"Ziemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-17-07000.1998","article-title":"Mechanism of deafferentation-induced plasticity in human motor cortex","volume":"18","author":"Ziemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245706001519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245706001519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T10:32:00Z","timestamp":1761388320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245706001519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245706001519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of theta burst stimulation protocols on phosphene threshold","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}