{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:13:30Z","timestamp":1790810010939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SFB 550\/B5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 550\/B5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bernstein Center for Neurocomputation","award":["01GQ0831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GQ0831"]}]},{"name":"the European Research Council Grant","award":["ERC 227632-BCCI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC 227632-BCCI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,25]],"date-time":"2010-01-25T02:14:22Z","timestamp":1264385662000},"page":"516-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["An auditory oddball brain\u2013computer interface for binary choices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Halder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Nijboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.M.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.C.","family":"Kleih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Birbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"K\u00fcbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440410","article-title":"Slow vertical saccades in motor neuron disease: correlation of structure and function","volume":"44","author":"Averbuch-Heller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.11.002","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer-interface research: coming of age","volume":"117","author":"Birbaumer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.923152","article-title":"The berlin brain\u2013computer interface: accurate performance from first-session in bci-na\u0131\u00a8ve subjects","volume":"55","author":"Blankertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(96)05233-7","article-title":"P300 from a single-stimulus paradigm: auditory intensity and tone frequency effects","volume":"46","author":"Cass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(96)96013-X","article-title":"P300, stimulus intensity, and modality","volume":"100","author":"Covington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3710123","article-title":"EOG correction: which regression should we use?","volume":"37","author":"Croft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3560745","article-title":"Variable cerebral responses to equally distinct deviance in four auditory dimensions: a mismatch negativity study","volume":"35","author":"Deouell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90149-6","article-title":"Talking off the top of your head: toward a mental prosthesis utilizing even-related brain potentials","volume":"70","author":"Farwell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00783.x","article-title":"An auditory oddball (P300) spelling system for brain\u2013computer interfaces","volume":"46","author":"Furdea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00495.x","article-title":"Target-to-target interval, intensity, and p300 from an auditory single-stimulus task","volume":"44","author":"Gonsalvez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib12","unstructured":"Hill, N, Lal T, Bierig K, Birbaumer N, Sch\u00f6lkopf B. An auditory paradigm for brain\u2013computer interfaces. In: NIPS; 2004."},{"issue":"7099","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04970","article-title":"Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia","volume":"442","author":"Hochberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib14","series-title":"Multiple comparison procedures","author":"Hochberg","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.005","article-title":"An efficient P300-based brain\u2013computer interface for disabled subjects","volume":"167","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib16","first-page":"614","article-title":"Non-invasive brain-actuated wheelchair based on a P300 neurophysiological protocol and automated navigation","volume":"25","author":"Iturrate","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Robotic Autom"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.10.1282","article-title":"An eye movement disorder in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Jacobs","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(96)00030-X","article-title":"P300 from one-, two-, and three-stimulus auditory paradigms","volume":"23","author":"Katayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.04.019","article-title":"Toward a high-throughput auditory p300-based brain\u2013computer interface","volume":"120","author":"Klobassa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/4\/007","article-title":"A comparison of classification techniques for the P300 speller","volume":"3","author":"Krusienski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017","article-title":"Toward enhanced p300 speller performance","volume":"167","author":"Krusienski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"260","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441","article-title":"Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis","volume":"47","author":"Kruskal","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.06.019","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer interfaces and communication in paralysis: extinction of goal directed thinking in completely paralysed patients?","volume":"119","author":"K\u00fcbler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.04122.x","article-title":"A brain\u2013computer interface controlled auditory event-related potential (p300) spelling system for locked-in patients","volume":"1157","author":"K\u00fcbler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib25","unstructured":"K\u00fcbler A, Halder S, Furdea A, H\u00f6sle A. Brain painting \u2013 BCI meets art. In: Proceedings of the 4th international brain\u2013computer interface workshop and training course; 2008. p. 361\u2013366."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)50035-9","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer interfaces \u2013 the key for the conscious brain locked into a paralyzed body","volume":"150","author":"K\u00fcbler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib27","series-title":"Toward brain\u2013computer interfacing","first-page":"373","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer interfaces for communication andn motor control, perspectives on clinical applications","author":"K\u00fcbler","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/1\/2\/001","article-title":"A brain\u2013computer interface using electrocorticographic signals in humans","volume":"1","author":"Leuthardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2003.10.007","article-title":"Changes in p300 amplitude during an active standard auditory oddball task","volume":"66","author":"Lind\u0131\u00b4n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.019","article-title":"An meg-based brain\u2013computer interface (bci)","volume":"36","author":"Mellinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib31","first-page":"56","article-title":"Brain\u2013computer interface control of an internet browser","volume":"10","author":"Mugler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Bioelectromagnet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib32","first-page":"52","article-title":"Better than random? A closer look on BCI results","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller-Putz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Bioelectromagnet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.026","article-title":"The mismatch negativity (mmn) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review","volume":"118","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-424X(09)70009-1","article-title":"Optimal methods of stimulus presentation and frequency analysis in P300-based brain\u2013computer interfaces for patients with severe motor impairment","volume":"59","author":"Neshige","year":"2006","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.034","article-title":"A P300-based brain\u2013computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"119","author":"Nijboer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.07.024","article-title":"P300-based brain computer interface: reliability and performance in healthy and paralysed participants","volume":"117","author":"Piccione","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib37","series-title":"An introduction to information theory: symbols, signals & noise","author":"Pierce","year":"1980"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.019","article-title":"Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b","volume":"118","author":"Polich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01464482","article-title":"P300 topography of amplitude\/latency correlations","volume":"9","author":"Polich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib40","unstructured":"Rebsamen B, Burdet E, Guan C, Zhang H, Teo C, Zeng Q, Ang M, Laugier C. A brain-controlled wheelchair based on P300 and path guidance. In: Proceedings of IEEE\/RAS-EMBS international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics; 2006."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.827072","article-title":"BCI2000: a general-purpose brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) system","volume":"51","author":"Schalk","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.06.027","article-title":"A P300-based brain\u2013computer interface: initial tests by ALS patients","volume":"117","author":"Sellers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.04.007","article-title":"A p300 event-related potential brain\u2013computer interface (bci): the effects of matrix size and inter stimulus interval on performance","volume":"73","author":"Sellers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199104000-00007","article-title":"American electroencephalographic society guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature","volume":"8","author":"Sharbrough","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"P300-based brain\u2013computer interface communication: evaluation and follow-up in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Silvoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Neuropro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib46","first-page":"25487","article-title":"Fmri brain\u2013computer interface: a tool for neuroscientific research and treatment","author":"Sitaram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.005","article-title":"Temporal classification of multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy signals of motor imagery for developing a brain\u2013computer interface","volume":"34","author":"Sitaram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7488","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7488.406","article-title":"Locked-in syndrome","volume":"330","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05136-8","article-title":"P300 from auditory stimuli: intensity and frequency effects","volume":"41","author":"Sugg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(99)00004-X","article-title":"Selective attention is impaired in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013a study of event-related eeg potentials","volume":"8","author":"Vieregge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.004","article-title":"Spatio-temporal differences in brain oxygenation between movement execution and imagery: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"67","author":"Wriessnegger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245709007512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245709007512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T10:54:07Z","timestamp":1761389647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245709007512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245709007512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An auditory oddball brain\u2013computer interface for binary choices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.11.087","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}