{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:53:38Z","timestamp":1793372018837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30600186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30600186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30770714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30770714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]],"date-time":"2010-08-18T06:54:14Z","timestamp":1282114454000},"page":"490-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Application of nonlinear dynamics analysis in assessing unconsciousness: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Dong-yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-qun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.07.008","article-title":"Prediction of \u2018awakening\u2019 and outcome in prolonged acute coma from severe traumatic brain injury: evidence for validity of short latency SEPs","volume":"116","author":"Amantini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03523.x","article-title":"Entropy during propofol hypnosis, including an episode of wakefulness","volume":"59","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68508-5","article-title":"Chronic disorders of consciousness","volume":"367","author":"Bernat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200303000-00008","article-title":"Correlation of approximate entropy, bispectral index, and spectral edge frequency 95(SEF95) with clinical signs of \u201canesthetic depth\u201d during coadministration of propofol and remifentanil","volume":"98","author":"Bruhn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940503600106","article-title":"Approximate entropy in the electroencephalogram during wake and sleep","volume":"36","author":"Burioka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(86)90053-5","article-title":"The assessment of severe head injury by short-latency somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials","volume":"65","author":"Cant","year":"1986","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2634-0","article-title":"A prospective study of outcome predictors after severe brain injury in children","volume":"31","author":"Carter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm170","article-title":"Do vegetative patients retain aspects of language comprehension? Evidence from fMRI","volume":"130","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.11.019","article-title":"Predicting coma and other low responsive patients outcome using event-related brain potentials: a meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Daltrozzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000258544.79024.d0","article-title":"Cerebral response to patient\u2019s own name in the vegetative and minimally conscious states","volume":"68","author":"Di","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.873543","article-title":"Comparison of entropy and complexity measures for the assessment of depth of sedation","volume":"53","author":"Ferenets","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264790.07231.2d","article-title":"Behavior of entropy\/complexity measures of the electroencephalogram during propofol-induced sedation: dose-dependent effects of remifentanil","volume":"106","author":"Ferenets","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000134670.10384.E2","article-title":"Predictive value of sensory and cognitive evoked potentials for awakening from coma","volume":"63","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.349","article-title":"The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria","volume":"58","author":"Giacino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200501000-00005","article-title":"The vegetative and minimally conscious states: current knowledge and remaining questions","volume":"20","author":"Giacino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei047","article-title":"Comparative effects of ketamine on Bispectral Index and spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram under sevoflurane anesthesia","volume":"94","author":"Hans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03358-9","article-title":"Effect of volatile anesthetics on interhemispheric EEG cross-approximate entropy in the rat","volume":"954","author":"Hudetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200311000-00019","article-title":"Cholinergic reversal of isoflurane anesthesia in rats as measured by cross-approximate entropy of the electroencephalogram","volume":"99","author":"Hudetz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnp.0000220094.60482.b5","article-title":"Electroencephalographic assessment of coma","volume":"23","author":"Husain","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(91)90090-2","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of electroencephalograms: is there chaos in the future?","volume":"27","author":"Jansen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb01054.x","article-title":"Nonlinear EEG analysis in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"100","author":"Jelles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.01.001","article-title":"EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Jeong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.36.842","article-title":"Easily calculable measure for the complexity of spatiotemporal patterns","volume":"36","author":"Kaspar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.03.028","article-title":"Information processing in severe disorders of consciousness: vegetative state and minimally conscious state","volume":"116","author":"Kotchoubey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900500431874","article-title":"A set of EEG parameters to predict clinically anaesthetized state in humans for halothane anaesthesia","volume":"31","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.10.010","article-title":"The neural correlate of (un)awareness \u2013 lessons from the vegetative state","volume":"9","author":"Laureys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00852-X","article-title":"Brain function in coma, vegetable state, and related disorders","volume":"3","author":"Laureys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055501","article-title":"On the complexity of finite sequences","volume":"22","author":"Lempel","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200301000-00009","article-title":"Use of somatosensory-evoked potentials and cognitive event-related potentials in predicting outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"82","author":"Lew","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.01.104","article-title":"Abnormal EEG complexity in patients with schizophrenia and depression","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4623-06.2007","article-title":"Synchronization of neural activity across cortical areas correlates with conscious perception","volume":"27","author":"Melloni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.17.1518","article-title":"Acupuncture","volume":"280","author":"NIH Consensus Conference","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200605000-00006","article-title":"Electroencephalographic approximate entropy changes in healthy volunteers during remifentanil infusion","volume":"104","author":"Noh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010443000579","article-title":"Residual auditory function in persistent vegetative state: a combined PET and fMRI study","volume":"15","author":"Owen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.031","article-title":"Monitoring sleepiness with on-board electrophysiological recordings for preventing sleep-deprived traffic accidents","volume":"118","author":"Papadelis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00375.x","article-title":"Approximate entropy as a measure of irregularity for psychiatric serial metrics","volume":"8","author":"Pincus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02755.x","article-title":"Assessing serial irregularity and its implications for health","volume":"954","author":"Pincus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.5.2083","article-title":"Randomness and degrees of irregularity","volume":"93","author":"Pincus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1995.1027","article-title":"Measuring \u201cchaos\u201d in the brain: a tutorial review of EEG dimension estimation","volume":"27","author":"Pritchard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","article-title":"Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy","volume":"278","author":"Richman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00102-5","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potentials in coma prognosis","volume":"15","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150883.10285.44","article-title":"fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients","volume":"64","author":"Schiff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000194534.42661.9F","article-title":"Approach to the comatose patient","volume":"34","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Multi-Society Task Force Report on Persistent Vegetative State. Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (1). N Engl J Med 1994;330:1499\u2013508.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405263302107"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00323.x","article-title":"Time\u2013frequency balanced spectral entropy as a measure of anesthetic drug effect in central nervous system during sevoflurane, propofol and thiopental anesthesia","volume":"48","author":"Vakkuri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.00914.x","article-title":"Cerebral cortical effects of desflurane in sheep: comparison with isoflurane, sevoflurane and enflurane","volume":"50","author":"Voss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.11.020","article-title":"Mismatch negativity predicts recovery from the vegetative state","volume":"118","author":"Wijnen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.04.021","article-title":"Acupoint-specific fMRI patterns in human brain","volume":"383","author":"Yan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200009000-00006","article-title":"The EEG in coma","volume":"17","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100032996","article-title":"An electroencephalographic classification for coma","volume":"24","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0260","first-page":"379","article-title":"Prognostic determination in anoxic\u2013ischemic and traumatic encephalopathies","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1263","article-title":"Consciousness","volume":"124","author":"Zeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.09.080","article-title":"Evidence from brain imaging with fMRI supporting functional specificity of acupoints in humans","volume":"354","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1109\/10.966601","article-title":"EEG complexity as a measure of depth of anesthesia for patients","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036_b0280","first-page":"82","article-title":"Acupuncture treatment for persistent vegetative state after operation of acute subdural hematoma","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245710005717?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245710005717?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T10:59:46Z","timestamp":1761389986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245710005717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245710005717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Application of nonlinear dynamics analysis in assessing unconsciousness: A preliminary study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.05.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}