{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:42:02Z","timestamp":1793194922992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T23:58:59Z","timestamp":1368575939000},"page":"2079-2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mechanisms of axonal dysfunction in diabetic and uraemic neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Ria","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie C.G.","family":"Kwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun V.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510080044004","article-title":"Late response and sural conduction studies. Usefulness in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"38","author":"Ackil","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150306","article-title":"The function of large and small nerve fibers in renal failure","volume":"15","author":"Angus-Leppan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2360","article-title":"Axonal dysfunction prior to neuropathy onset in type 1 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0020","first-page":"ii70","article-title":"Evidence for a causal relationship between nerve dysfucntion and hyperkalaemia in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"27","author":"Arnold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059055","article-title":"Effects of hemodiafiltration and high flux hemodialysis on nerve excitability in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197105272842110","article-title":"Recovery from uremic neuropathy","volume":"284","author":"Asbury","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.12.001","article-title":"World Kidney Day 2010: diabetic kidney disease\u2013act now or pay later","volume":"55","author":"Atkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(81)80011-X","article-title":"The middle molecule hypothesis in perspective","volume":"1","author":"Babb","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0045","first-page":"247","article-title":"Bi-directional permeability of the human peritoneum to middle molecules","volume":"10","author":"Babb","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.11.008","article-title":"Altered nerve excitability in subclinical\/early diabetic neuropathy: evidence for early neurovascular process in diabetes mellitus?","volume":"91","author":"Bae","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016395","article-title":"Function and distribution of three types of rectifying channel in rat spinal root myelinated axons","volume":"383","author":"Baker","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014064","article-title":"Intracellular recording from vertebrate myelinated axons: mechanism of the depolarizing after potential","volume":"323","author":"Barrett","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0065","first-page":"176","article-title":"Uremic polyneuropathy: a clinical and electrophysiological study in 135 short- and long-term hemodialyzed patients","volume":"35","author":"Bazzi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.11.1072","article-title":"Nerve biopsy and conduction studies in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"40","author":"Behse","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0075","series-title":"The physiology of single human nerve fibres","author":"Bergmans","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2750","article-title":"Methylglyoxal modification of Nav1.8 facilitates nociceptive neuron firing and causes hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"18","author":"Bierhaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/214310a0","article-title":"Maia muscle fibre as a model for the study of uraemic toxicity","volume":"214","author":"Bittar","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199802)21:2<137::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Threshold tracking techniques in the study of human peripheral nerve","volume":"21","author":"Bostock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021857","article-title":"Latent addition in motor and sensory fibres of human peripheral nerve","volume":"498","author":"Bostock","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh093","article-title":"Has potassium been prematurely discarded as a contributing factor to the development of uraemic neuropathy?","volume":"19","author":"Bostock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67698-2","article-title":"The global burden of diabetic foot disease","volume":"366","author":"Boulton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210515","article-title":"Reversible and irreversible nodal dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"21","author":"Brismar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.07.012","article-title":"Neurological complications in renal failure: a review","volume":"107","author":"Brouns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00595-8","article-title":"Excitability of human axons","volume":"112","author":"Burke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006020105","article-title":"On-line hemodiafiltration reduces the proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells: a prospective, crossover study","volume":"17","author":"Carracedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000070152.11927.4A","article-title":"Prevalence of kidney damage in Australian adults: the AusDiab kidney study","volume":"14","author":"Chadban","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chalk C, Benstead TJ, Moore F. Aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007: CD004572.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004572.pub2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.020","article-title":"Progressive axonal dysfunction and clinical impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Cheah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.368","article-title":"The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases","volume":"80","author":"Couser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10364","article-title":"Changes of sodium channel expression in experimental painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"52","author":"Craner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100045522","article-title":"Sensory nerve conduction in chronic uremic patients during the first six months of hemodialysis","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Amour","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0165","first-page":"400","article-title":"Segmental demyelination secondary to axonal degeneration in uremic neuropathy","volume":"46","author":"Dyck","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190504","article-title":"The spatial distribution of fiber loss in diabetic polyneuropathy suggests ischemia","volume":"19","author":"Dyck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.817","article-title":"The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: the rochester diabetic neuropathy study","volume":"43","author":"Dyck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.05.005","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management","volume":"120","author":"Edwards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1159\/000142724","article-title":"Inflammation and oxidative stress in patients on hemodiafiltration","volume":"28","author":"Filiopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9033","article-title":"International expert committee report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Gillett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0195","first-page":"53","article-title":"Clinical experience with small surface area dialyzers (SSAD)","volume":"1","author":"Ginn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0200","first-page":"80","article-title":"The management of lower-extremity diabetic ulcers","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Manage Care Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1790","article-title":"The health care costs of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the US","volume":"26","author":"Gordois","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-94-3-307","article-title":"Glycemic control and nerve conduction abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects","volume":"94","author":"Graf","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb46569.x","article-title":"Altered sorbitol and myo-inositol metabolism as the basis for defective protein kinase C and (Na, K)-ATPase regulation in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"488","author":"Greene","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.6.688","article-title":"Are disturbances of sorbitol, phosphoinositide, and Na+\u2013K+-ATPase regulation involved in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy?","volume":"37","author":"Greene","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0225","first-page":"E534","article-title":"Nerve Na+\u2013K+-ATPase, conduction, and myo-inositol in the insulin-deficient BB rat","volume":"247","author":"Greene","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0093-7","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for diabetic neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Habib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.03.019","article-title":"The quality of life and economic burden of neuropathy in diabetic patients in Germany in 2002\u2013results from the Diabetic Microvascular Complications (DIMICO) study","volume":"81","author":"Happich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-196204000-00057","article-title":"Two year\u2019s experience with periodic hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic uremia","volume":"8","author":"Hegstrom","year":"1962","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29341","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404167200","article-title":"Early painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with differential changes in tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat","volume":"279","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.11.057","article-title":"Altered expression and function of sodium channels in large DRG neurons and myelinated A-fibers in early diabetic neuropathy in the rat","volume":"339","author":"Hong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190505","article-title":"Pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20295","article-title":"C-peptide prevents nociceptive sensory neuropathy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Kamiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.12.2542","article-title":"Effects of membrane polarization and ischaemia on the excitability properties of human motor axons","volume":"123","author":"Kiernan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200003)23:3<399::AID-MUS12>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Multiple measures of axonal excitability: a new approach in clinical testing","volume":"23","author":"Kiernan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1099","article-title":"Differences in the recovery of excitability in sensory and motor axons of human median nerve","volume":"119","author":"Kiernan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf123","article-title":"Nerve excitability changes in chronic renal failure indicate membrane depolarization due to hyperkalaemia","volume":"125","author":"Kiernan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20232","article-title":"The acute effects of glycemic control on axonal excitability in human diabetics","volume":"56","author":"Kitano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0610","first-page":"30","article-title":"The unphysiology of dialysis: a major cause of dialysis side effects?","volume":"7","author":"Kjellstrand","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh476","article-title":"Altered nerve excitability properties in established diabetic neuropathy","volume":"128","author":"Krishnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.138","article-title":"Neurological complications of chronic kidney disease","volume":"5","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.08.002","article-title":"Axonal ion channels from bench to bedside: a translational neuroscience perspective","volume":"89","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn052","article-title":"Activity-dependent excitability changes suggest Na(+)\/K(+) pump dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"131","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh558","article-title":"Altered motor nerve excitability in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"128","author":"Krishnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl099","article-title":"Ischaemia induces paradoxical changes in axonal excitability in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.079988","article-title":"Sensory nerve excitability and neuropathy in end stage kidney disease","volume":"77","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.02.002","article-title":"Neuropathy, axonal Na+\/K+ pump function and activity-dependent excitability changes in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"117","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2008.00555.x","article-title":"Neuromuscular disease in the dialysis patient: an update for the nephrologist","volume":"22","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00381-4","article-title":"Shortened refractory periods in human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"114","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.360","article-title":"The acute effects of glycemic control on axonal excitability in human diabetic nerves","volume":"41","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1310","article-title":"Effects of axonal ion-channel dysfunction on quality of life in type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Kwai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10159","article-title":"Neurophysiologic parameters and symptoms in chronic renal failure","volume":"25","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0365","first-page":"403","article-title":"The best dialysis therapy? Results from an international survey among nephrology professionals","volume":"1","author":"Ledebo","year":"2008","journal-title":"NDT Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66020493.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of injury-induced calcium entry into peripheral nerve myelinated axons: role of reverse sodium\u2013calcium exchange","volume":"66","author":"Lehning","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1175","article-title":"Differences in responses of cutaneous afferents in the human median and sural nerves to ischemia","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0380","first-page":"11","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic neuropathy and foot ulceration: identification of potential risk factors \u2013 a population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Manes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0385","first-page":"107","article-title":"Uremic neuropathy and the analysis of electrophysiological changes","volume":"41","author":"Mansouri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.12.019","article-title":"Axonal potassium conductance and glycemic control in human diabetic nerves","volume":"116","author":"Misawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.11.019","article-title":"Nodal persistent Na+ currents in human diabetic nerves estimated by the technique of latent addition","volume":"117","author":"Misawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216260.39452.bf","article-title":"Aldose reductase inhibition alters nodal Na+ currents and nerve conduction in human diabetics","volume":"66","author":"Misawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.08.003","article-title":"Strength-duration properties and glycemic control in human diabetic motor nerves","volume":"116","author":"Misawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.008","article-title":"Hyperglycemia alters refractory periods in human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"115","author":"Misawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2009.00239.x","article-title":"Neuropathic pain is associated with increased nodal persistent Na(+) currents in human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"Misawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0420","first-page":"45","article-title":"Motor nerve conduction indicators in uremic neuropathy","volume":"61","author":"Mitz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.439","article-title":"Strength-duration properties of human peripheral nerve","volume":"119","author":"Mogyoros","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.2.317","article-title":"Excitability changes in human sensory and motor axons during hyperventilation and ischaemia","volume":"120","author":"Mogyoros","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.10.2090","article-title":"A protein kinase C-beta-selective inhibitor ameliorates neural dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"48","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1971.tb07402.x","article-title":"The peripheral nerve function in chronic renal failure. II. Intercorrelation of clinical symptoms and signs and clinical grading of neuropathy","volume":"190","author":"Nielsen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1973.tb19470.x","article-title":"The peripheral nerve function in chronic renal failure. V. Sensory and motor conduction velocity","volume":"194","author":"Nielsen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.01.018","article-title":"Nerve excitability testing and its clinical application to neuromuscular diseases","volume":"117","author":"Nodera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880030507","article-title":"Tibial nerve H-reflex and F-wave studies in patients with uremic neuropathy","volume":"3","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1980","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.58.030196.001503","article-title":"Queer current and pacemaker: the hyperpolarization-activated cation current in neurons","volume":"58","author":"Pape","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.3425","article-title":"Acute abnormalities of sensory nerve function associated with oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.1.3.168","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patient observed between 1947 and 1973","volume":"1","author":"Pirart","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)92548-6","article-title":"Subclinical polyneuropathy in renal insufficiency","volume":"2","author":"Preswick","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0504","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy \u2013 a review","volume":"3","author":"Said","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2009.07.005","article-title":"Aldose reductase inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a review","volume":"24","author":"Schemmel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0490","first-page":"26","article-title":"Prospective randomized cross-over long-term comparison of online haemodiafiltration and ultrapure high-flux haemodialysis","volume":"12","author":"Schiffl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374660","article-title":"Action potentials and membrane currents in the human node of Ranvier","volume":"430","author":"Schwarz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0500","first-page":"657","article-title":"Type 1 diabetic neuropathy and C-peptide","volume":"5","author":"Sima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Diabesity Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051376","article-title":"A comparison of diabetic polyneuropathy in type II diabetic BBZDR\/Wor rats and in type I diabetic BB\/Wor rats","volume":"43","author":"Sima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180105","article-title":"Reversible diabetic nerve dysfunction: structural correlates to electrophysiological abnormalities","volume":"18","author":"Sima","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(90)90161-F","article-title":"Is resistance to ischaemia of motor axons in diabetic subjects due to membrane depolarization?","volume":"99","author":"Strupp","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-7560(200011\/12)16:6<408::AID-DMRR158>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy \u2013 a continuing enigma","volume":"16","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1509","article-title":"Progressive axonal dysfunction precedes development of neuropathy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032782","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy","volume":"352","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.014","article-title":"Dicarbonyl intermediates in the maillard reaction","volume":"1043","author":"Thornalley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.10.011","article-title":"Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in dialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Tilki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.919bs.x","article-title":"Activity-dependent hyperpolarization of human motor axons produced by natural activity","volume":"507","author":"Vagg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0550","first-page":"467","article-title":"Peripheral motor and sensory nerve conduction studies in haemodialysis patients. A study of 54 patients","volume":"38","author":"Van den Neucker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.8.1187","article-title":"Painful neuropathy and foot ulceration in diabetic patients","volume":"16","author":"Veves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.9.2549","article-title":"The development and validation of a neuropathy- and foot ulcer-specific quality of life instrument","volume":"26","author":"Vileikyte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0019","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"25","author":"Vincent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20423","article-title":"Sural sensory action potential identifies diabetic peripheral neuropathy responders to therapy","volume":"32","author":"Vinik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0575","first-page":"E759","article-title":"Role of C-peptide in human physiology","volume":"278","author":"Wahren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol \u2013 Endoc M"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11122344","article-title":"A comparison of on-line hemodiafiltration and high-flux hemodialysis: a prospective clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Ward","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90115-6","article-title":"Threshold tracking provides a rapid indication of ischaemic resistance in motor axons of diabetic subjects","volume":"73","author":"Weigl","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0590","first-page":"169","article-title":"An ion transport defect in erythrocytes from uraemic subjects","volume":"77","author":"Welt","year":"1964","journal-title":"Trans Ass Am Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030","volume":"94","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04604.x","article-title":"1,2-diacylglycerol content and its arachidonyl-containing molecular species are reduced in sciatic nerve from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"55","author":"Zhu","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9818","article-title":"A myo-inositol pool utilized for phosphatidylinositol synthesis is depleted in sciatic nerve from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245713003076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245713003076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:15:44Z","timestamp":1761390944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245713003076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245713003076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanisms of axonal dysfunction in diabetic and uraemic neuropathies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}