{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T13:39:17Z","timestamp":1772717957277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T14:29:55Z","timestamp":1515680995000},"page":"638-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epileptiform and periodic EEG activities induced by rapid sevoflurane anaesthesia induction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Eila","family":"Sonkaj\u00e4rvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Rytky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Alahuhta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalervo","family":"Suominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Kumpulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Ohtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Karvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"J\u00e4ntti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.4.952","article-title":"The K-complex: its slow (<1 Hz) rhythmicity and relation to delta waves","volume":"49","author":"Amzica","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199404000-00024","article-title":"New inhaled anesthetics","volume":"80","author":"Eger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182735cd7","article-title":"Generalized periodic discharges in the critically ill: a case-control study of 200 patients","volume":"79","author":"Foreman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.07.018","article-title":"Generalized periodic discharges and \u2018triphasic waves\u2019: A blinded evaluation of inter-rater agreement and clinical significance","volume":"127","author":"Foreman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318273e272","article-title":"Epileptogenic effect of sevoflurane. Determination of the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane associated with major epileptoid signs in children","volume":"117","author":"Gibert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182784729","article-title":"American clinical neurophysiology society's standardized critical care EEG terminology: 2012 version","volume":"30","author":"Hirsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200110000-00010","article-title":"Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on electrocorticographic activities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"13","author":"Hisada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00041","article-title":"The epileptogenic properties of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in patients with epilepsy","volume":"91","author":"Iijima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.025","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients with generalized periodic discharges","volume":"45","author":"Jadeja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(90)90101-O","article-title":"Correlation of instantaneous heart rate and EEG suppression during enflurane anaesthesia: synchronous inhibition of heart rate and cortical electrical activity?","volume":"76","author":"J\u00e4ntti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000090565.15739.8D","article-title":"Sevoflurane is epileptogenic in healthy subjects at surgical levels of anesthesia","volume":"61","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200702000-00011","article-title":"Risk factors for the occurrence of electroencephalogram abnormalities during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in nonepileptic patients","volume":"106","author":"Julliac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2013.07.812","article-title":"Target-controlled induction with 2.5% sevoflurane does not avoid the risk of electroencephalographic abnormalities","volume":"32","author":"Julliac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2017.07.002","article-title":"A revised glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electroencephalographers and updated proposal for the report format of the EEG findings. Revision 2017","volume":"2","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00052","article-title":"Epileptiform discharges during 2 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia in two healthy volunteers","volume":"9","author":"Kaisti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089191","article-title":"Influence of the sevoflurane concentration on the occurrence of epileptiform EEG patterns","volume":"9","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ana.0000178914.36157.c8","article-title":"Effects of nitrous oxide on spike activity on electrocorticogram under sevoflurane anesthesia in epileptic patients","volume":"17","author":"Kurita","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197205000-00007","article-title":"Enflurane-induced central nervous system excitation and its relation to carbon dioxide tension","volume":"51","author":"Lebowitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199404000-00014","article-title":"The pharmacology of sevoflurane in infants and children","volume":"80","author":"Lerman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199610000-00008","article-title":"Sites mediating sympathetic activation with desflurane","volume":"85","author":"Muzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197111000-00006","article-title":"The electroencephalographic pattern during anesthesia with ethrane: effects of depth of anesthesia, PaCO2, and nitrous oxide","volume":"35","author":"Neigh","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.010","article-title":"Prognostic value of periodic electroencephalographic discharges for neurological patients with profound disturbances of consciousness","volume":"124","author":"Pedersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1975.tb05197.x","article-title":"Electroencephalographic activity in children under enflurane anesthesia","volume":"19","author":"Rosen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200201000-00013","article-title":"Effect of sevoflurane on electrocorticogram in normal brain","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040903","article-title":"Incidence of epileptiform EEG activity in children during mask induction of anaesthesia with brief administration of 8% sevoflurane","volume":"7","author":"Schultz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01725.x","article-title":"Topographic electroencephalogram in children during mask induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane","volume":"53","author":"Sonkaj\u00e4rvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0135","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Transient hyperdynamic response associated with controlled hypocapneic hyperventilation during sevoflurane-nitrous oxide mask induction in adults","volume":"88","author":"Vakkuri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.440609.x","article-title":"Epileptiform EEG during sevoflurane mask induction: effect of delaying the onset of hyperventilation","volume":"44","author":"Vakkuri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045007805.x","article-title":"Sevoflurane mask induction of anaesthesia is associated with epileptiform EEG in children","volume":"45","author":"Vakkuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000156562.33415.78","article-title":"A rapid increase in the inspired concentration of desflurane is not associated with epileptiform encephalogram","volume":"101","author":"Vakkuri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.007","article-title":"Generalized periodic discharges: Pathophysiology and clinical considerations","volume":"49","author":"Van Putten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00351-5","article-title":"Generalised periodic epileptiform discharges: clinical features, neuroradiological evaluation and prognosis in 37 adult patients","volume":"12","author":"Yemisci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00009","article-title":"Epileptiform electroencephalogram during mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane","volume":"91","author":"Yli-Hankala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245718300063?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245718300063?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1761392605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245718300063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245718300063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epileptiform and periodic EEG activities induced by rapid sevoflurane anaesthesia induction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.12.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}