{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:17:23Z","timestamp":1786987043593,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T18:37:35Z","timestamp":1611859055000},"page":"977-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression following electroconvulsive therapy: Temporal characteristics and impact of anesthetic regimen"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"L. Brian","family":"Hickman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammadMehdi","family":"Kafashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa K.","family":"Labonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney W.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma R.","family":"Huels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian S.","family":"Guay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ShiNung","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Lenze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuri B.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Avidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Edward","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben J.A.","family":"Palanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0005","unstructured":"Abrams R, Swartz CM. Convulsive therapy apparatus to stimulate and monitor the extent of therapeutic value of the treatment. In: Office USPaT, editor. United States: Somatics, Inc. (Lake Bluff, IL); 1997."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01632.x","article-title":"Postictal suppression correlates with therapeutic efficacy for depression in bilateral sine and pulse wave electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"61","author":"Azuma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.05.007","article-title":"Ictal physiological characteristics of remitters during bilateral electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"185","author":"Azuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0020","first-page":"655","article-title":"Dynamics of convulsive seizure termination and postictal generalized EEG suppression","volume":"140","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy029","article-title":"Isoflurane but Not Halothane Prevents and Reverses Helpless Behavior: A Role for EEG Burst Suppression?","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121461109","article-title":"A neurophysiological-metabolic model for burst suppression","volume":"109","author":"Ching","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0035","first-page":"113","article-title":"Intra-individual open comparison of burst-suppression-isoflurane-anaesthesia versus electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of severe depression","volume":"10","author":"Engelhardt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000225","article-title":"Effect of the Addition of Ketamine to Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Seizure Duration in Electroconvulsive Therapy","volume":"31","author":"Erdil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000214","article-title":"Ketofol (mixture of ketamine and propofol) administration in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"40","author":"Erdogan Kayhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000544","article-title":"Repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) alters the phosphorylation of glutamate receptor subunits in the rat hippocampus","volume":"13","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200112000-00009","article-title":"Inefficacy of burst-suppression anesthesia in medication-resistant major depression: a controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Garcia-Toro","year":"2001","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0060","first-page":"269","article-title":"Isoflurane Anesthesia Therapy: A Replacement for ECT in Depressive Disorders?","volume":"3","author":"Greenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.08.015","article-title":"Voltage-Based Automated Detection of Postictal Generalized Electroencephalographic Suppression: Algorithm Development and Validation","volume":"131","author":"Hickman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0420-5","article-title":"Impact of the anesthetic agents ketamine, etomidate, thiopental, and propofol on seizure parameters and seizure quality in electroconvulsive therapy: a retrospective study","volume":"264","author":"Hoyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.017","article-title":"Equivocal significance of post-ictal generalized EEG suppression as a marker of SUDEP risk","volume":"48","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000119190","article-title":"Isoflurane narcotherapy in depressive patients refractory to conventional antidepressant drug treatment. A double-blind comparison with electroconvulsive treatment","volume":"31","author":"Langer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000118216","article-title":"Rapid psychotherapeutic effects of anesthesia with isoflurane (ES narcotherapy) in treatment-refractory depressed patients","volume":"14","author":"Langer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22101","article-title":"An electroclinical case-control study of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"68","author":"Lhatoo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000235922.14623.39","article-title":"Ictal electroencephalographic characteristics during electroconvulsive therapy: a review of determination and clinical relevance","volume":"22","author":"Mayur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy085","article-title":"Propofol for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Pilot Study","volume":"21","author":"Mickey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.05.007","article-title":"Characteristics of postictal generalized EEG suppression in children","volume":"106","author":"Moseley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2009.11079736","article-title":"The burst-suppression electroencephalogram","volume":"49","author":"Niedermeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0115","first-page":"211","article-title":"Quantitative EEG during seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy: relations to treatment modality and clinical features","volume":"16","author":"Nobler","year":"2000","journal-title":"I. Global analyses. J ECT"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90089-V","article-title":"EEG manifestations during ECT: effects of electrode placement and stimulus intensity","volume":"34","author":"Nobler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3283304032","article-title":"Processed electroencephalogram in depth of anesthesia monitoring","volume":"22","author":"Palanca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00171","article-title":"Cognitive and Neurophysiological Recovery Following Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Study Protocol","volume":"9","author":"Palanca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70214-X","article-title":"Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Ryvlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00066-3","article-title":"Is postictal electrical silence a predictor of response to electroconvulsive therapy?","volume":"41","author":"Suppes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-017-0800-3","article-title":"S-ketamine compared to etomidate during electroconvulsive therapy in major depression","volume":"267","author":"Zavorotnyy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721000237?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721000237?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1761393712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245721000237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245721000237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression following electroconvulsive therapy: Temporal characteristics and impact of anesthetic regimen","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}