{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:32:22Z","timestamp":1783438342577,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003382","name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR 20F1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR 20F1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T04:31:46Z","timestamp":1612585906000},"page":"1185-1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epileptogenic modulation index and synchronization in hypsarrhythmia of West syndrome secondary to perinatal arterial ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Hiroharu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Otsubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanako","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakura","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"O.","family":"Carter Snead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Ochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Rutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendranath","family":"Moharir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.08.029","article-title":"Focal cortical high-frequency oscillations trigger epileptic spasms: confirmation by digital video subdural EEG","volume":"116","author":"Akiyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00322-X","article-title":"Seizure detection in the neonatal EEG with synchronization likelihood","volume":"114","author":"Altenburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16295","article-title":"EEG before and after total corpus callosotomy for pharmacoresistant infantile spasms: Fast oscillations and slow-wave connectivity in hypsarrhythmia","volume":"60","author":"Baba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x","article-title":"Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005\u20132009","volume":"51","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.025","article-title":"Interictal scalp fast ripple occurrence and high frequency oscillation slow wave coupling in epileptic spasms","volume":"131","author":"Bernardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003603","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of epilepsy after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"88","author":"Billinghurst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.03.016","article-title":"Brain connectivity in West syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Burroughs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"5793","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128115","article-title":"High gamma power is phase-locked to theta oscillations in human neocortex","volume":"313","author":"Canolty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.001","article-title":"The functional role of cross-frequency coupling","volume":"14","author":"Canolty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1335-3_13","article-title":"Pathophysiology of infantile spasms","volume":"497","author":"Chugani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270408","article-title":"Infantile spasms: I. PET identifies focal cortical dysgenesis in cryptogenic cases for surgical treatment","volume":"27","author":"Chugani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16284","article-title":"Increased electroencephalography connectivity precedes epileptic spasm onset in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"60","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010839","article-title":"'Functional connectivity' is a sensitive predictor of epilepsy diagnosis after the first seizure","volume":"5","author":"Douw","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0070","first-page":"83","article-title":"Infantile spasms: a pathophysiological hypothesis","volume":"1","author":"Dulac","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.014","article-title":"Different EEG frequency band synchronization during nocturnal frontal lobe seizures","volume":"115","author":"Ferri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002739","article-title":"Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke","volume":"86","author":"Fox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0090","series-title":"How to detect and handle outliers","author":"Iglewicz","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13995","article-title":"Strong coupling between slow oscillations and wide fast ripples in children with epileptic spasms: Investigation of modulation index and occurrence rate","volume":"59","author":"Iimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.06.002","article-title":"Is decremental modulation index on scalp EEG a sign of good seizure outcome? A Sturge-Weber syndrome case with epileptic spasms","volume":"130","author":"Iimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-012-0245-y","article-title":"Neuronal networks in west syndrome as revealed by source analysis and renormalized partial directed coherence","volume":"26","author":"Japaridze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24299","article-title":"A storm of fast (40\u2013150 Hz) oscillations during hypsarrhythmia in West syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12043","article-title":"Complex observation of scalp fast (40\u2013150 Hz) oscillations in West syndrome and related disorders with structural brain pathology","volume":"2","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(02)49010-1","article-title":"Role of subcortical structures in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms: what are possible subcortical mediators?","volume":"49","author":"Lado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12104","article-title":"Epilepsy after perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes","volume":"3","author":"Laugesaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01377.x","article-title":"A new animal model of infantile spasms with unprovoked persistent seizures","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0135","first-page":"3282","article-title":"Automated detection of cross-frequency coupling in the electrocorticogram for clinical inspection","volume":"2013","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14544","article-title":"Phase-amplitude coupling between interictal high-frequency activity and slow waves in epilepsy surgery","volume":"59","author":"Motoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02786.x","article-title":"Statistical mapping of ictal high-frequency oscillations in epileptic spasms","volume":"52","author":"Nariai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-013-9186-1","article-title":"HERMES: towards an integrated toolbox to characterize functional and effective brain connectivity","volume":"11","author":"Niso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.03.022","article-title":"Interictal high-frequency oscillations generated by seizure onset and eloquent areas may be differentially coupled with different slow waves","volume":"127","author":"Nonoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01350","article-title":"Surrogate Data Method Requires End-Matched Segmentation of Electroencephalographic Signals to Estimate Non-linearity","volume":"9","author":"Paeske","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13767","article-title":"Functional integration across oscillation frequencies by cross-frequency phase synchronization","volume":"48","author":"Palva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00446","article-title":"Functional Connectivity of the Corpus Callosum in Epilepsy Patients with Secondarily Generalized Seizures","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00461.x","article-title":"Callosotomy in West syndrome suggests a cortical origin of hypsarrhythmia","volume":"34","author":"Pinard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-014-9251-4","article-title":"An efficient implementation of the synchronization likelihood algorithm for functional connectivity","volume":"13","author":"Rosales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.11.72","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations and other electrophysiological biomarkers of epilepsy: underlying mechanisms","volume":"5","author":"Staba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(01)00386-4","article-title":"Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets","volume":"163","author":"Stam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.09.023","article-title":"Developmental changes in resting gamma power from age three to adulthood","volume":"124","author":"Tierney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.461002.x","article-title":"Callosal bisection and transcallosal secondary antiepileptogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Wada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266386.55715.3f","article-title":"Successful surgery for epilepsy due to early brain lesions despite generalized EEG findings","volume":"69","author":"Wyllie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721000432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721000432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:02:03Z","timestamp":1761393723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245721000432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245721000432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epileptogenic modulation index and synchronization in hypsarrhythmia of West syndrome secondary to perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}