{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:25:38Z","timestamp":1785403538051,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T05:49:31Z","timestamp":1634017771000},"page":"3002-3009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hippocampal spindles and barques are normal intracranial electroencephalographic entities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Kokkinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helweh","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Frauscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0407-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anto I.","family":"Bagi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Mark","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059417738688","article-title":"Features of simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG that predict localization of ictal onset zone","volume":"49","author":"Abramovici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90424-7","article-title":"The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data","volume":"31","author":"Amaral","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234087","article-title":"Lamellar organization of hippocampal excitatory pathways","volume":"13","author":"Andersen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Expl Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0020","series-title":"The hippocampus 1975;vol. I","first-page":"155","article-title":"Organization of hippocampal neurons and their interconnections","author":"Andersen","year":"1975"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17821","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2604-11.2011","article-title":"Sleep spindles in humans: insights from intracranial EEG and unit recordings","volume":"31","author":"Andrillon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105115108","article-title":"The Ca(V)3.3 calcium channel is the major sleep spindle pacemaker in the thalamus","volume":"108","author":"Astori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2017.11.010","article-title":"Interpretation of SEEG recordings","volume":"48","author":"Bartolomei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(68)90171-5","article-title":"Studies of the EEG activity of limbic structures in man","volume":"25","author":"Brazier","year":"1968","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(70)90132-9","article-title":"Regional activities within the hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus","volume":"26","author":"Brazier","year":"1970","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0050","series-title":"Mechanisms of synchronization in epileptic seizures","first-page":"185","article-title":"Interactions of deep structures during seizures in man","author":"Brazier","year":"1972"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000305","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography: Interpretation","volume":"33","author":"Bulacio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0060","series-title":"Temporal coding in the brain","first-page":"145","article-title":"Oscillatory and intermittent synchrony in the hippocampus: relevance to memory trace formation","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106477","article-title":"The clinical significance of small sharp spikes: A retrospective study of 909 patients in epilepsy monitoring unit","volume":"168","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemens Z, M\u00f6lle M, Eross L, Jakus R, R\u00e1sonyi G, Hal\u00e1sz P, et al. Fine-tuned coupling between human parahippocampal ripples and sleep spindles. Eur J Neurosci 2011;33:511\u201320.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07505.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0075","series-title":"The Hippocampus","first-page":"185","article-title":"Some characteristics and functional relations of the electrical activity of the primate hippocampus and hypothesis of hippocampal function","author":"Crowne","year":"1975"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.40.030178.001153","article-title":"Physiology of the hippocampus and related structures","volume":"40","author":"Lopes da Silva","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anllu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0252","article-title":"Sleep spindles: an overview","volume":"7","author":"De Gennaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091792","article-title":"The development of the electroencephalogram in normal children from the age of 1 through 15 years. 14 and 6 Hz positive spike phenomenon","volume":"2","author":"Eeg-Olofsson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropadiatrie."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091798","article-title":"The development of the electroencephalogram in normal adolescents from the age of 16 through 21 years","volume":"3","author":"Eeg-Olofsson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropadiatrie."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25651","article-title":"How the human brain sleeps: direct cortical recordings of normal brain activity","volume":"87","author":"von Ellenrieder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0100","series-title":"Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies","first-page":"609","article-title":"Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures","author":"Engel","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00057","article-title":"Hippocampal sleep features: relations to human memory function","volume":"3","author":"Ferrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"FreeSurfer. Neuroimage."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033","article-title":"Brain Development Cooperative Group. Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies","volume":"54","author":"Fonov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.048","article-title":"Scalp spindles are associated with widespread intracranial activity with unexpectedly low synchrony","volume":"105","author":"Frauscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frauscher B, Bernasconi N, Caldairou B, von Ellenrieder N, Bernasconi A, Gotman J, et al. Interictal hippocampal spiking influences the occurrence of hippocampal sleep spindles. Sleep 2015b;38(12):1927\u201333.","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5242"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0130","series-title":"Invasive studies of the human epileptic brain: principles and practice of invasive brain recordings and stimulation in epilepsy","first-page":"65","article-title":"Physiological activity and artifacts in the human epileptic brain studied with intracerebral depth EEG","author":"Frauscher","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frauscher B, von Ellenrieder N, Zelmann R, Dole\u017ealov\u00e1 I, Minotti L, Olivier A, et al. Atlas of the normal intracranial electroencephalogram: neurophysiological awake activity in different cortical areas. Brain. 2018;141(4):1130-1144.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy035"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibbs EI, Gibbs FA. Electroencephalographic evidence of thalamic and hypothalamic epilepsy. Neurology 1951;1:136.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.1.3.136"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0145","first-page":"538 p.","volume":"Vol. 111","author":"Gibbs","year":"1964","journal-title":"Atlas of electrolencephalography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0150","series-title":"A practical approach to stereo EEG","first-page":"409","article-title":"Stereo EEG-guided resection: method and technique","author":"Gonzalez-Martinez","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01157-0","article-title":"Paying attention to the thalamic reticular nucleus","volume":"21","author":"Guillery","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2880","article-title":"Selective optical drive of thalamic reticular nucleus generates thalamic bursts and cortical spindles","volume":"14","author":"Halassa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch LJ, LaRoche SM, Gaspard N, Gerard E, Svoronos A, Herman ST, et al. American clinical neurophysiology society\u2019s standardized critical care EEG terminology: 2012 version. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30:1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182784729"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.1.83","article-title":"Mental phenomena evoked by electrical stimulation of the human hippocampal formation and amygdala","volume":"101","author":"Halgren","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.06.011","article-title":"Small sharp spikes as EEG markers of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"129","author":"Issa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.04.756","article-title":"High voltage 14Hz hippocampal discharges on stereotactic EEG underlying 14&6Hz positive bursts on scalp EEG","volume":"129","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.289","article-title":"Magnetic source imaging localization of 14 and 6Hz positive bursts","volume":"46","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-198501000-00001","article-title":"Sleep spindles","volume":"2","author":"Jankel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597.18.1.12","article-title":"The Epileptogenic Zone: Concept and Definition","volume":"18","author":"Jehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0200","first-page":"49","article-title":"A new view of specific and nonspecific thalamocortical connections","volume":"77","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2020.03.007","article-title":"Interpretation of the Intracranial Stereoelectroencephalography Signal","volume":"31","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.05.024","article-title":"The intracranial correlate of the 14&6\/sec positive spikes normal scalp EEG variant","volume":"130","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00092","article-title":"The Hippocampal Barque: An Epileptiform but Non-epileptic Hippocampal Entity","volume":"14","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(20)30032-2","article-title":"Epilepsy surgery: The network approach","volume":"31","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000334365.22854.d3","article-title":"Incomplete resection of focal cortical dysplasia is the main predictor of poor postsurgical outcome","volume":"72","author":"Krsek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14604","article-title":"The repertoire of seizure onset patterns in human focal epilepsies: Determinants and prognostic values","volume":"60","author":"Lagarde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903390204","article-title":"The hippocampal CA3 network: an in vivo intracellular labeling study","volume":"339","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.12.1152","article-title":"Ctenoids in healthy youth: controlled study of 14- and 6-per-second positive spiking","volume":"16","author":"Lombroso","year":"1966","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2111","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1126\/science.81.2111.597","article-title":"Potential rhythms of the cerebral cortex during sleep","volume":"81","author":"Loomis","year":"1935","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0250","first-page":"113","article-title":"Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system","volume":"46","author":"Lorente de N\u00f2","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Psychol Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.220","article-title":"Human cerebral cortex: a system for the integration of volume- and surface-based representations","volume":"33","author":"Makris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00008-5","article-title":"Hippocampal sleep spindles revisited: physiologic or epileptic activity","volume":"110","author":"Malow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.09.001","article-title":"The contribution of sleep to hippocampus dependent memory consolidation","volume":"11","author":"Marshall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710012092X","article-title":"Cortical location of benign paroxysmal rhythms in the electrocorticogram","volume":"29","author":"McLachlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0275","first-page":"161","article-title":"Controlled studies of the incidence and significance of 6 and 14 per second positive spiking","volume":"15","author":"Metcalf","year":"1963","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.4.1481","article-title":"Spread of synchronous firing in longitudinal slices from the CA3 region of the hippocampus","volume":"60","author":"Miles","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(76)90058-4","article-title":"Activity of neuronal populations of human subcortical structures during sleep","volume":"41","author":"Moiseeva","year":"1976","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0290","series-title":"Advances in Epileptology: XIth Epilepsy International Symposium","first-page":"135","article-title":"Contribution of all-night polygraphic recording to the localization of primary epileptic foci","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montplaisir J, Leduc L, Laverdiere M, Walsh J, Saint-Hilaire JM. Sleep spindles in the human hippocampus: normal or epileptic activity. Sleep 1981;4:423\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/4.4.423"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2001.00785.x","article-title":"Absence of sleep spindles in human medial and basal temporal lobes","volume":"55","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paolicchi JM, Jayakar P, Dean P, Yaylali I, Morrison G, Prats A, et al. Predictors of outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Neurology. 2000;54(3):642-7.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.642"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.03020300041013","article-title":"Electroencephalogram and myopathy. Relation between muscular dystrophy and related diseases","volume":"173","author":"Perlstein","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Amer Med Ass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter-Derex L, Comte JC, Mauguiere F, Salin PA. Density and frequency caudorostral gradients of sleep spindles recorded in the human cortex. Sleep 2012;35:69\u201379.","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1588"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/2.2.161","article-title":"Activity of human hippocampal formation and amygdala neurons during sleep","volume":"2","author":"Ravagnati","year":"1979","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2020.03.014","article-title":"Decision Making in Epilepsy Surgery","volume":"31","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107837","article-title":"Underutilization of epilepsy surgery: Part I: A scoping review of barriers","volume":"117","author":"Samanta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0335","article-title":"Underutilization of epilepsy surgery: Part II: Strategies to overcome barriers","volume":"107853","author":"Samanta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.031","article-title":"Hippocampal sleep spindles preceding neocortical sleep onset in humans","volume":"86","author":"Sarasso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(68)80012-5","article-title":"14 and 6\/second positive spiking (ctenoids) in the electroencephalograms of primary school pupils","volume":"72","author":"Schwartz","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13120","article-title":"Ictal onset on intracranial EEG: Do we know it when we see it?","volume":"56","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"State of the evidence. Epilepsia."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0355","first-page":"219","volume":"43","author":"Spencer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neural networks in human epilepsy: Evidence of and implications for treatment."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01407-1","article-title":"Coherent oscillations and short-term plasticity in corticothalamic networks","volume":"22","author":"Steriade","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00353-5","article-title":"Corticothalamic resonance, states of vigilance and mentation","volume":"101","author":"Steriade","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0370","unstructured":"SteriadeM.Neuronal substrates of sleep and epilepsy(Cambridge University Press); ed 1, 2003."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0552-13.2014","article-title":"Comparison of sleep spindles and theta oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"34","author":"Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90123-4","article-title":"Spontaneous EEG spikes in the normal hippocampus. I. Behavioral correlates, laminar profiles and bilateral synchrony","volume":"67","author":"Suzuki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90165-4","article-title":"Spontaneous EEG spikes in the normal hippocampus. II. Relations to synchronous burst discharges","volume":"69","author":"Suzuki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716","article-title":"Brainstorm: A User-Friendly Application for MEG\/EEG Analysis","volume":"2011","author":"Tadel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Intel Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.09.009","article-title":"A new approach for the detection of the fourteen- and six-Hertz positive bursts (6\u201314 Hz): the lower temporal line","volume":"122","author":"Velizarova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2855","article-title":"Sleep-spindle detection: crowdsourcing and evaluating performance of experts, non-experts and automated methods","volume":"11","author":"Warby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.10.158","article-title":"Inter-expert and intra-expert reliability in sleep spindle scoring","volume":"126","author":"Wendt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1966.01730140032006","article-title":"An EEG study of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Weiner","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyllie E, L\u00fcders H, Morris HH 3rd, Lesser RP, Dinner DS, Hahn J, et al. Clinical outcome after complete or partial cortical resection for intractable epilepsy. Neurology. 1987;37(10):1634-41.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.10.1634"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721007410?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245721007410?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:05:37Z","timestamp":1761393937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245721007410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388245721007410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hippocampal spindles and barques are normal intracranial electroencephalographic entities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}