{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1793328882388,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706918400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM098578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM098578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T17:37:24Z","timestamp":1674668244000},"page":"81-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microstate analyses as an indicator of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lapointe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G.","family":"Hudetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip E.","family":"Vlisides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.03.005","article-title":"Electroencephalogram signatures of ketamine anesthesia-induced unconsciousness","volume":"127","author":"Akeju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000522","article-title":"Burst Suppression on Processed Electroencephalography as a Predictor of Post-Coma Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients","volume":"42","author":"Andresen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.03.021","article-title":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is rare after fast-track hip- and knee arthroplasty But potentially related to opioid use","volume":"57","author":"Awada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer235","article-title":"Occurrence of and risk factors for electroencephalogram burst suppression during propofolremifentanil anaesthesia","volume":"107","author":"Besch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atc.2006.08.006","article-title":"Depth of anesthesia monitoring","volume":"24","author":"Bowdle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.060","article-title":"EEG microstates of wakefulness and NREM sleep","volume":"62","author":"Brodbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328362d183","article-title":"The aging brain and anesthesia","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0689-9","article-title":"Transient Topographical Dynamics of the Electroencephalogram Predict Brain Connectivity and Behavioural Responsiveness During Drowsiness","volume":"32","author":"Comsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005660","article-title":"A Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Brain Anesthetic Resistance Index Is Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults: A Dual Center Study","volume":"134","author":"Cooter Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58787-w","article-title":"EEG microstates associated with intra- and inter-subject alpha variability","volume":"10","author":"Croce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh270","article-title":"Awareness and the EEG power spectrum: Analysis of frequencies","volume":"93","author":"Dressler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000989","article-title":"Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Suppression Predicts Postoperative Delirium","volume":"122","author":"Fritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114163","article-title":"Reliability of resting-state microstate features in electroencephalography","volume":"9","author":"Khanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0075","unstructured":"Koenig T. The EEGLAB plugin for Microstates 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1070","article-title":"Millisecond by Millisecond, Year by Year: Normative EEG Microstates and Developmental Stages","volume":"16","author":"Koenig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0085","article-title":"Effective brain state estimation during propofol-induced sedation using advanced EEG microstate spectral analysis","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0090","first-page":"9","article-title":"EEG entropy measures in anesthesia","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.062","article-title":"EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review","volume":"180","author":"Michel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12932","article-title":"the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group. Delirium after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty - a cohort study of 6331 elderly patients","volume":"61","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.03.008","article-title":"Monitoring the depth of anesthesia using entropy features and an artificial neural network","volume":"218","author":"Shalbaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050005","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065720500057","article-title":"Non-Canonical Microstate Becomes Salient in High Density EEG During Propofol-Induced Altered States of Consciousness","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Neural Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12437","article-title":"How inappropriate high-pass filters can produce artifactual effects and incorrect conclusions in ERP studies of language and cognition","volume":"52","author":"Tanner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002677","article-title":"Dynamic Cortical Connectivity during General Anesthesia in Surgical Patients","volume":"130","author":"Vlisides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13774","article-title":"Risk factors for emergence agitation in adults after general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-014-0363-y","article-title":"The expression of CAP1 after traumatic brain injury and its role in astrocyte proliferation","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117861","article-title":"Reliability of EEG microstate analysis at different electrode densities during propofol-induced transitions of brain states","volume":"231","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245723000160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245723000160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:12:26Z","timestamp":1761394346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245723000160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1388245723000160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microstate analyses as an indicator of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}