{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:54:20Z","timestamp":1762545260036,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T15:22:53Z","timestamp":1756221773000},"page":"2110985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High-frequency nerve ultrasound in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper Helbo","family":"Storgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erisela","family":"Qerama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Stouge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Tankisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2178-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Harbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9082-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2210-6020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotte","family":"Levison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2386","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207282","article-title":"CSF findings in relation to clinical characteristics, subtype, and disease course in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Al-Hakem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0010","article-title":"Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"2(2)","author":"Chevret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy232","article-title":"Regional variation of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Doets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14759","article-title":"Cross-sectional area reference values for peripheral nerve ultrasound in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis-Part I: Upper extremity nerves","volume":"28","author":"Fisse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14862","article-title":"Cross-sectional area reference values for peripheral nerve ultrasound in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis-Part III: Cervical nerve roots and vagal nerve","volume":"28","author":"Fisse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309599","article-title":"Ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy: structure meets function in the neuromuscular clinic","volume":"86","author":"Gallardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.06.051","article-title":"Spinal nerve involvement in early Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a clinico-electrophysiological, ultrasonographic and pathological study","volume":"126","author":"Gallardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.03.036","article-title":"Nerve ultrasound normal values - readjustment of the ultrasound pattern sum score UPSS","volume":"129","author":"Grimm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12091","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the peripheral nervous system in the early stage of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Grimm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.01.011","article-title":"The Ultrasound pattern sum score - UPSS. a new method to differentiate acute and subacute neuropathies using ultrasound of the peripheral nerves","volume":"126","author":"Grimm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.06.032","article-title":"Ultrasound and electrophysiologic findings in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome at disease onset and over a period of six months","volume":"127","author":"Grimm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00716-5","article-title":"Differentiation between Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis-a prospective follow-up study using ultrasound and neurophysiological measurements","volume":"16","author":"Grimm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.04.009","article-title":"Ultrasound pattern sum score, homogeneity score and regional nerve enlargement index for differentiation of demyelinating inflammatory and hereditary neuropathies","volume":"127","author":"Grimm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"8093","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2","article-title":"Controlled trial prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0075","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"2014(9)","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.03.034","article-title":"A prospective study of high resolution ultrasound in brachial plexopathies - Correlation with electrophysiological measurements","volume":"130","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/jns5.12037","article-title":"Correlation of nerve ultrasound, electrophysiological, and clinical findings in post Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Kerasnoudis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24484","article-title":"Bochum ultrasound score versus clinical and electrophysiological parameters in distinguishing acute-onset chronic from acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","volume":"51","author":"Kerasnoudis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141111","article-title":"Interobserver agreement in the assessment of muscle strength and functional abilities in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Kleyweg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0100","article-title":"Nerve Ultrasound as Helpful Tool in Polyneuropathies","volume":"11","author":"Kramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27386","article-title":"Nerve ultrasound evaluation of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome subtypes in northern China","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001183","article-title":"Nerve ultrasound for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies","volume":"36","author":"Pitarokoili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.06.030","article-title":"Serial peripheral nerve ultrasound in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"127","author":"Razali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"10280","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00517-1","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"397","author":"Shahrizaila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16073","article-title":"European Academy of Neurology\/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"30","author":"van Doorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21431","article-title":"Peripheral nerve size in normals and patients with polyneuropathy: an ultrasound study","volume":"40","author":"Zaidman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7123-8","article-title":"Ultrasound of inherited vs. acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies","volume":"260","author":"Zaidman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245725008375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245725008375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:52:48Z","timestamp":1762545168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245725008375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1388245725008375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1388-2457"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High-frequency nerve ultrasound in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110985","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"2110985"}}