{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:11:09Z","timestamp":1771593069297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,4]],"date-time":"2026-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796342400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":337,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3NS103468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3NS103468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3NS129898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3NS129898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:26:41Z","timestamp":1764635201000},"page":"2111467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of frequency on dual target deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Rocio","family":"Rodriguez Capilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aislinn M.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Kumaravelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2428-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Jie","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7118-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis A.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5240-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren M.","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1547-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130337","article-title":"Predictive Factors for Improvement of Gait by Low-Frequency Stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"4","author":"Annic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae201","article-title":"Asymmetries of the subthalamic activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: phase-amplitude coupling among local field potentials","volume":"6","author":"Bocci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah3532","article-title":"Optimized temporal pattern of brain stimulation designed by computational evolution","volume":"9","author":"Brocker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.009","article-title":"Effects of stimulation of the subthalamic area on oscillatory pallidal activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"188","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1798-22.2023","article-title":"The Therapeutic Frequency Profile of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats is shaped by Antidromic Spike failure","volume":"43","author":"Cassar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0030","article-title":"Uncovering biomarkers during therapeutic neuromodulation with PARRM: Period-based Artifact Reconstruction and Removal Method","volume":"1","author":"Dastin-van Rijn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05834-7","article-title":"The effect of STN DBS on modulating brain oscillations: consequences for motor and cognitive behavior","volume":"238","author":"David","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.84.14_supplement.P1.168","article-title":"Unilateral vs. Bilateral Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease (P1.168)","volume":"84","author":"Duffus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.07.047","article-title":"Controlling pallidal oscillations in real-time in Parkinson\u2019s disease using evoked interference deep brain stimulation (eiDBS): Proof of concept in the human","volume":"15","author":"Escobar Sanabria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00388.2017","article-title":"Parkinsonism and vigilance: alteration in neural oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the basal ganglia and motor cortex","volume":"118","author":"Escobar Sanabria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.017","article-title":"Real-time suppression and amplification of frequency-specific neural activity using stimulation evoked oscillations","volume":"13","author":"Escobar Sanabria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.09.007","article-title":"Effects of low-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on movement in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"209","author":"Eusebio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907083","article-title":"Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"362","author":"Follett","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-010-0225-8","article-title":"Modeling shifts in the rate and pattern of subthalamopallidal network activity during deep brain stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Hahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00314","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation programming 2.0: Future Perspectives for Target Identification and Adaptive Closed Loop Stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Hell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2000.01306.x","article-title":"Identification of the target neuronal elements in electrical deep brain stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Jan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00163-1","article-title":"Chronaxie calculated from current-duration and voltage-duration data","volume":"97","author":"Holsheimer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25773","article-title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation frequency on bradykinesia of Parkinson\u2019s disease: EFFECTS OF DBS FREQUENCY ON BRADYKINESIA OF PD","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12921","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3486-06.2006","article-title":"A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action selection and Oscillatory activity in the Basal Ganglia","volume":"26","author":"Humphries","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2241791","article-title":"Interaction of oscillations, and their suppression via deep brain stimulation, in a model of the cortico-basal ganglia network","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25810","article-title":"Low-frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Khoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-016-0593-9","article-title":"A biophysical model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus network in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Kumaravelu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00209-3","article-title":"Lateralized effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: evidence and controversies","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.04.024","article-title":"Beta band stability over time correlates with Parkinsonian rigidity and bradykinesia","volume":"236","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1094-7159.2005.05214.x","article-title":"Bilateral Implantation in Globus Pallidus Internus and in Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Mazzone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107748108","article-title":"Striatal origin of the pathologic beta oscillations in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"108","author":"McCarthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2824-12.2012","article-title":"Effective Deep Brain Stimulation Suppresses Low-Frequency Network Oscillations in the Basal Ganglia by Regularizing Neural Firing patterns","volume":"32","author":"McConnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134296","article-title":"Differential responses to Low- and High-Frequency Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Sensor-measured Components of Bradykinesia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"24","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001957","article-title":"Initial Clinical Outcome with Bilateral, Dual-Target Deep Brain Stimulation Trial in Parkinson Disease using Summit RC + S","volume":"91","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303972.16279.46","article-title":"STN-DBS frequency effects on freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Moreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.5.706","article-title":"The impact on Parkinson\u2019s disease of electrical parameter settings in STN stimulation","volume":"59","author":"Moro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70264-8","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus bilateral deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease (NSTAPS study): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Odekerken","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21596","article-title":"Cognition and mood in Parkinson\u2019s disease in subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation: the COMPARE trial","volume":"65","author":"Okun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.10.009","article-title":"Temporally non-regular patterns of deep brain stimulation (DBS) enhance assessment of evoked potentials while maintaining motor symptom management in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)","volume":"16","author":"Palopoli-Trojani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1228711","article-title":"Unlocking potential: low frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation enhances executive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with postural instability\/gait disturbance","volume":"17","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.168","article-title":"Short pulse width widens the therapeutic window of subthalamic neurostimulation","volume":"2","author":"Reich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad429","article-title":"At home adaptive dual target deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with proportional control","volume":"147","author":"Schmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.4.626","article-title":"Unilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson disease","volume":"106","author":"Slowinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-130960","article-title":"Selective use of low frequency stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease based on absence of tremor","volume":"33","author":"Stegem\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32161-3","article-title":"Frequency-dependent effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Tysnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.10.011","article-title":"Low-frequency Versus High-frequency Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Postural Control and Gait in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a Quantitative Study","volume":"8","author":"Vallabhajosula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825dcdc1","article-title":"Randomized trial of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: thirty-six-month outcomes","volume":"79","author":"Weaver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner LM, Schnitzler A, Hirschmann J. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in the beta frequency range boosts cortical beta oscillations and slows down movement. J Neurosci 2025:e1366242024. DOI: 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1366-24.2024.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1366-24.2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26605","article-title":"Bradykinesia and its Progression are Related to Interhemispheric Beta Coherence","volume":"93","author":"Wilkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001184","article-title":"Low-frequency stimulation of STN-DBS reduces aspiration and freezing of gait in patients with PD","volume":"84","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245725013197?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245725013197?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:32:28Z","timestamp":1771590748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245725013197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1388245725013197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of frequency on dual target deep brain stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2111467","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"2111467"}}