{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:40:21Z","timestamp":1786621221037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:37:36Z","timestamp":1780760256000},"page":"2111963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimising DBS in essential tremor: clinical and neurophysiological considerations for targeting and programming"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5764-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai A.","family":"Nagaratnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor S.C.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Mahant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.017","article-title":"Neural selectivity, efficiency, and dose equivalence in deep brain stimulation through pulse width tuning and segmented electrodes","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abeeaa","article-title":"Computational investigation of the impact of deep brain stimulation contact size and shape on neural selectivity","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aae590","article-title":"Anodic stimulation misunderstood: preferential activation of fiber orientations with anodic waveforms in deep brain stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aaa14b","article-title":"Optimized programming algorithm for cylindrical and directional deep brain stimulation electrodes","volume":"15","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1646","article-title":"Anatomical and physiological foundations of cerebellar information processing","volume":"6","author":"Apps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005956","article-title":"DBS of the PSA and the VIM in essential tremor: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"91","author":"Barbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8738","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91175-T","article-title":"Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"337","author":"Benabid","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0040","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Comparison of dentatorubrothalamic tractography methods based on the anatomy of the rubral wing","volume":"10","author":"Berger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22758","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the posterior subthalamic area in the treatment of essential tremor","volume":"25","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.012","article-title":"Anodic and symmetric biphasic pulses enlarge the therapeutic window in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"15","author":"Boogers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.11.015","article-title":"The Fast Gray Matter Acquisition T1 Inversion Recovery Sequence in Deep Brain Stimulation: introducing the Rubral Wing for Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract Depiction and Tremor Control","volume":"26","author":"Bot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodul. Technol. Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2016.00045","article-title":"Diffusion tractography in deep brain stimulation surgery: a review","volume":"10","author":"Calabrese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15526","article-title":"\u201cAsleep\u201d deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e704","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006033","article-title":"Thalamic short pulse stimulation diminishes adverse effects in essential tremor patients","volume":"91","author":"Choe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000540","article-title":"Modulation of the Cerebello-Thalamo-cortical network in thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"75","author":"Coenen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04890-4","article-title":"A detailed analysis of anatomical plausibility of crossed and uncrossed streamline rendition of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT(T)) in a commercial stereotactic planning system","volume":"163","author":"Coenen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.10.015","article-title":"Square biphasic pulse deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: the BiP tremor study","volume":"46","author":"De Jesus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01310-1","article-title":"Microcircuitry and function of the inferior olive","volume":"21","author":"De Zeeuw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0095","article-title":"PSA and VIM DBS efficiency in essential tremor depends on distance to the dentatorubrothalamic tract","volume":"26","author":"Dembek","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2008.2004424","article-title":"Deterministic and probabilistic tractography based on complex fibre orientation distributions","volume":"28","author":"Descoteaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70322-7","article-title":"Treatment of patients with essential tremor","volume":"10","author":"Deuschl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab3c95","article-title":"Evaluation of methodologies for computing the deep brain stimulation volume of tissue activated","volume":"16","author":"Duffley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00626.2002","article-title":"An unfolded map of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and its projections to the cerebral cortex","volume":"89","author":"Dum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007824","article-title":"The excitatory synaptic action of climbing fibres on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum","volume":"182","author":"Eccles","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13878","article-title":"Which one is the superior target? A comparison and pooled analysis between posterior subthalamic area and ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27821","article-title":"Tremor habituation to deep brain stimulation: underlying mechanisms and solutions","volume":"34","author":"Fasano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27700","article-title":"MDS evidence-based review of treatments for essential tremor","volume":"34","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000478270","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for tremor: is there a common structure?","volume":"95","author":"Fiechter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1159\/000448926","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the caudal zona incerta: tremor control in relation to the location of stimulation fields","volume":"94","author":"Fytagoridis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-007-0170-0","article-title":"Human pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic tracts: anatomical basis for functional stereotactic neurosurgery","volume":"212","author":"Gallay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1983.325041","article-title":"The effect of stimulus parameters on the recruitment characteristics of direct nerve stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Gorman","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1109\/10.775401","article-title":"Modeling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibers: influence of tissue electrical properties","volume":"46","author":"Grill","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0165","series-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","article-title":"Effect of stimulus pulsewidth on spatial selectivity of neural stimulation","author":"Grill","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1109\/51.395310","article-title":"Stimulus waveforms for selective neural stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Grill","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimaldi, G., & Manto, M. (2013). Is essential tremor a Purkinjopathy? The role of the cerebellar cortex in its pathogenesis. In (Vol. 28, pp. 1759\u20131761): Wiley Online Library.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25645"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt304","article-title":"Physiological and anatomical decomposition of subthalamic neurostimulation effects in essential tremor","volume":"137","author":"Groppa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm077","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of thalamic versus subthalamic neurostimulation in postural and intention tremor","volume":"130","author":"Herzog","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11291-9","article-title":"Short pulse and directional thalamic deep brain stimulation have differential effects in parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"12","author":"Hidding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/3\/036023","article-title":"Analyzing the tradeoff between electrical complexity and accuracy in patient-specific computational models of deep brain stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Howell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.05.002","article-title":"Studying connections in the living human brain with diffusion MRI","volume":"44","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.081","article-title":"White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: the do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.678592","article-title":"Stimulation-induced side effects of deep brain stimulation in the ventralis intermedius and posterior Subthalamic area for essential tremor","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.015","article-title":"Anodic versus cathodic neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: a randomized-controlled study of acute clinical effects","volume":"55","author":"Kirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000522573","article-title":"Ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus versus posterior subthalamic area: network meta-analysis of DBS target site efficacy for essential tremor","volume":"100","author":"Kondapavulur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20525","article-title":"Calculating total electrical energy delivered by deep brain stimulation systems","volume":"58","author":"Koss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319427","article-title":"Shorter pulse width reduces gait disturbances following deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"90","author":"Kroneberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.06.019","article-title":"Determining an efficient deep brain stimulation target in essential tremor-Cohort study and review of the literature","volume":"89","author":"K\u00fcbler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26317","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for arm tremor: a randomized trial comparing two targets","volume":"91","author":"Kvernmo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25137","article-title":"Direct visualization and characterization of the human zona incerta and surrounding structures","volume":"41","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X00903010048","article-title":"Neuropathology of the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (dentato-rubro-olivary network) in sudden unexplained perinatal death and SIDS","volume":"3","author":"Lavezzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Neurol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.3.289","article-title":"Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"66","author":"Limousin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)00991-9","article-title":"Essential tremor","volume":"4","author":"Louis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0302-1","article-title":"Essential tremor pathology: neurodegeneration and reorganization of neuronal connections","volume":"16","author":"Louis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105466","article-title":"Comparison of posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for tremor using conventional landmarks versus directly targeting the dentatorubrothalamic tract with tractography","volume":"185","author":"Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2025.3541686","article-title":"High-resolution whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging exploiting rapid single-slab 3D EPI strategy","volume":"72","author":"Maeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai, J. K., & Paxinos, G. (2011). The human nervous system. In (pp. 618\u2013 677): Academic press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374236-0.10019-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0285","series-title":"The cerebellum and its disorders","author":"Manto","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.253","article-title":"Comment on: short pulse width widens the therapeutic window of subthalamic neurostimulation","volume":"2","author":"McDermott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.10.033","article-title":"Electric field and stimulating influence generated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"115","author":"McIntyre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS142741","article-title":"The nondecussating pathway of the dentatorubrothalamic tract in humans: human connectome-based tractographic study and microdissection validation","volume":"124","author":"Meola","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols","volume":"141","author":"Merrill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","article-title":"Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits","volume":"31","author":"Middleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.017","article-title":"Some certainty for the \u201czone of uncertainty\u201d? Exploring the function of the zona incerta","volume":"130","author":"Mitrofanis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.019","article-title":"Less is more\u2013pulse width dependent therapeutic window in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"11","author":"Moldovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montgomery, E. B. (2016). 149Approach to DBS in the Vicinity of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus DBS. In J. E. B. Montgomery (Ed.), Deep Brain Stimulation Programming: Mechanisms, Principles and Practice (pp. 0). doi: 10.1093\/med\/9780190259600.003.0013.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190259600.003.0013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971103)387:4<588::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus","volume":"387","author":"Morel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.08.012","article-title":"Principles of diffusion tensor imaging and its applications to basic neuroscience research","volume":"51","author":"Mori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.01.025","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of thalamic targeting for tremor deep brain stimulation using high-resolution anatomical imaging with supplementary fiber tractography","volume":"398","author":"Morishita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.5.706","article-title":"The impact on Parkinson\u2019s disease of electrical parameter settings in STN stimulation","volume":"59","author":"Moro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.4.0708","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor","volume":"99","author":"Murata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.471","article-title":"Biophysical principles and computational modeling of deep brain stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodul.: Technol. Neural Interf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.07.027","article-title":"Revisiting the rules for anatomical targeting of ventralis intermediate nucleus","volume":"68","author":"Nowacki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000044156.56643.74","article-title":"Tremor response to polarity, voltage, pulsewidth and frequency of thalamic stimulation","volume":"60","author":"O\u2019Suilleabhain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.61.3.488","article-title":"Further physiological observations on the ventralis intermedius neurons in the human thalamus","volume":"61","author":"Ohye","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90101-5","article-title":"Functional organization of the parvocellular red nucleus in the cat","volume":"28","author":"Oka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01283-2","article-title":"Delineating the decussating Dentato-rubro-thalamic tract and its connections in humans using diffusion spectrum imaging techniques","volume":"21","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002995107","article-title":"Ca(V)3.1 is a tremor rhythm pacemaker in the inferior olive","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.04.074","article-title":"Structural and functional connectivity of the nondecussating dentato-rubro-thalamic tract","volume":"176","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.112334","article-title":"Bilateral stimulation of the caudal zona incerta nucleus for tremor control","volume":"79","author":"Plaha","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90364-9","article-title":"Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review","volume":"98","author":"Ranck","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1109\/10.32099","article-title":"Analysis of models for extracellular fiber stimulation","volume":"36","author":"Rattay","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww223","article-title":"Progressive gait ataxia following deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: adverse effect or lack of efficacy?","volume":"139","author":"Reich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.168","article-title":"Short pulse width widens the therapeutic window of subthalamic neurostimulation","volume":"2","author":"Reich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.3.FOCUS2425","article-title":"Ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, dentatorubrothalamic tract, and caudal zona incerta: stimulation of which structure provides ongoing tremor control in patients with essential tremor?","volume":"56","author":"Remore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.2.215","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: effects of variation in stimulation parameters","volume":"71","author":"Rizzone","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0430","article-title":"Disbalanced recruitment of crossed and uncrossed cerebello-thalamic pathways during deep brain stimulation is predictive of delayed therapy escape in essential tremor","volume":"41","author":"Sajonz","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318236a809","article-title":"Thalamic and subthalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: where is the optimal target?","volume":"70","author":"Sandvik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27471","article-title":"Mapping connectomes with diffusion MRI: deterministic or probabilistic tractography?","volume":"81","author":"Sarwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.018","article-title":"A high resolution and high contrast MRI for differentiation of subcortical structures for DBS targeting: the Fast Gray Matter Acquisition T1 Inversion Recovery (FGATIR)","volume":"47","author":"Sudhyadhom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002839","article-title":"Optimizing deep brain stimulation in essential tremor: a randomized controlled trial for target consideration","volume":"95","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22924","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging and beyond","volume":"65","author":"Tournier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.10.007","article-title":"Direct stereotactic targeting of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus based on anatomic 1.5-T MRI mapping with a white matter attenuated inversion recovery (WAIR) sequence","volume":"5","author":"Vassal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab35b1","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of automated optimization of deep brain stimulation parameters","volume":"16","author":"Vorwerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00314-w","article-title":"Essential tremor","volume":"7","author":"Welton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000511716","article-title":"Endurance of short pulse width thalamic stimulation efficacy in intention tremor","volume":"99","author":"Wirth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.039","article-title":"Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor: Relation of the Dentatorubrothalamic Tract with Stimulation Parameters","volume":"137","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Clinical Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245726004633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388245726004633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:23:32Z","timestamp":1786620212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388245726004633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S1388245726004633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-2457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-2457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimising DBS in essential tremor: clinical and neurophysiological considerations for targeting and programming","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Neurophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2026.2111963","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"2111963"}}