{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:50:27Z","timestamp":1784843427479,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,7]],"date-time":"2015-02-07T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1423324008000},"page":"157-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["\u201cPorto-pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Liberal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte R.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.2_Supplement.37S","article-title":"The International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study (IPPHS)","volume":"105","author":"Abenhaim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp297","volume":"30","author":"Galie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.032","article-title":"Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Hoeper","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035488","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"351","author":"Farber","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2006.12.001","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease","volume":"28","author":"Oudiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.011","article-title":"Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Badesch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.033","article-title":"Pathologic assessment of vasculopathies in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Pietra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.012","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Simonneau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4.869","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: the next step","volume":"112","author":"Krowka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250540","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome versus porto-pulmonary hypertension: distinctions and dilemmas","volume":"25","author":"Krowka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ. Porto-pulmonary hypertension. Semin Respir Crit Care Med;33:17\u201325.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1301731"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.029","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Simonneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00010904","article-title":"Pulmonary-hepatic vascular disorders (PHD)","volume":"24","author":"Rodriguez-Roisin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0070","first-page":"91","article-title":"Portal axis thrombosis with spontaneous portacaval shunt and resultant cor pulmonale","volume":"52","author":"Mantz","year":"1951","journal-title":"AMA Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.34.2.281","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal vein thrombosis","volume":"34","author":"Saunders","year":"1979","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0080","first-page":"849","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension","volume":"120","author":"Lebrec","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-613OC","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: survival and prognostic factors","volume":"178","author":"Le Pavec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.4.437","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension and cirrhosis: are they related?","volume":"127","author":"McDonnell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90225-A","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics","volume":"100","author":"Hadengue","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.918","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension in cirrhotic patients: prevalence, clinical features and risk factors","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350170126","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: distinctive hemodynamic and clinical manifestations","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199610000-00003","article-title":"Moderate primary pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing liver transplantation","volume":"83","author":"Taura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4065\/71.6.543","article-title":"Frequency and clinical implications of increased pulmonary artery pressures in liver transplant patients","volume":"71","author":"Castro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500030503","article-title":"Severe pulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates","volume":"3","author":"Ramsay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200102270-00015","article-title":"Role of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of porto-pulmonary hypertension in liver transplantation candidates","volume":"71","author":"Torregrosa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50060","article-title":"Diagnosis of porto-pulmonary hypertension in candidates for liver transplantation: a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Colle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21431","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: Results from a 10-year screening algorithm","volume":"44","author":"Krowka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.9.1355","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension in decompensated cirrhosis with refractory ascites","volume":"52","author":"Benjaminov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1668OC","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry","volume":"173","author":"Humbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00042107","article-title":"A USA-based registry for pulmonary arterial hypertension: 1982\u20132006","volume":"30","author":"Thenappan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1140","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL Registry","volume":"137","author":"Badesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11051153","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular disorders in portal hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Herve","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80121-4","article-title":"Association between primary pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension: analysis of its pathophysiology and clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic manifestations","volume":"17","author":"Robalino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2005.tb00002.x","article-title":"Hepato-porto-pulmonary disorders \u2013 not just in adults!","volume":"41","author":"Whitworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(88)80022-9","article-title":"Early liver transplantation is crucial in children with liver disease and pulmonary artery hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Losay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000178441.10417.0f","article-title":"Successful liver transplantation in a child with severe porto-pulmonary hypertension treated with epoprostenol","volume":"41","author":"Laving","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.02.019","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients","volume":"147","author":"Condino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970005101206","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis: an echocardiographic study","volume":"51","author":"Auletta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22275","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Kawut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.08.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Taichman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-216","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study","volume":"107","author":"Rich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.053","article-title":"Prevalence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts in patients with porto-pulmonary hypertension and effect on treatment","volume":"141","author":"Talwalkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70295-1","article-title":"Structural and pathologic changes in the lung vasculature in chronic liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Schraufnagel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31950-7","article-title":"Current concepts on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension","volume":"6","author":"Rodriguez-Vilarrupla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.562","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: a tale of two circulations","volume":"123","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.08.008","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Al-Naamani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16107-2","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"363","author":"Hoeper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X09338431","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: challenges in diagnosis and management","volume":"2","author":"Troy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319710369101","article-title":"Plasma cytokines and porto-pulmonary hypertension in patients with cirrhosis waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"61","author":"Pellicelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.2.161","article-title":"Role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Egermayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.088633","article-title":"Role of endothelin in systemic and portal resistance in cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Angus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01684.x","article-title":"Hepatic tissue endothelin-1 levels in chronic liver disease correlate with disease severity and ascites","volume":"95","author":"Alam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000122420.86904.89","article-title":"Use of oral endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in the treatment of porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"77","author":"Halank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9804054","article-title":"Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"159","author":"Tuder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1472OC","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for porto-pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced liver disease","volume":"179","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.015","article-title":"Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Machado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23485","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: an update","volume":"18","author":"Safdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500060116","article-title":"Clinical predictors of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing liver transplant evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Pilatis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.2.121","article-title":"Screen for porto-pulmonary hypertension, especially in liver transplant candidates","volume":"75","author":"Swanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26745","article-title":"Pulmonary complications in chronic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Machicao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4.980","article-title":"Distinctive clinical features of porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"112","author":"Kuo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.5.909","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: findings on chest radiographs","volume":"151","author":"Chan","year":"1988","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1869","article-title":"Arterial oxygenation associated with porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"121","author":"Swanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1027526","article-title":"Nocturnal oxygen desaturation is a frequent complication in porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Halank","year":"2008","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.8.865","article-title":"Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"102","author":"Nagaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.02.025","article-title":"N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide as a diagnostic test in cirrhotic patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Bernal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.6356","article-title":"Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with porto-pulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation","volume":"6","author":"Krowka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26972","article-title":"Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation","volume":"59","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.4.657","article-title":"Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation","volume":"70","author":"Yock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.7573","article-title":"Accuracy of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of pulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31832-0","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: state of the art","volume":"7","author":"Porres-Aguilar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203301","article-title":"Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study","volume":"73","author":"Coghlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.061","article-title":"Complications of right heart catheterization procedures in patients with pulmonary hypertension in experienced centers","volume":"48","author":"Hoeper","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12140","article-title":"Review article: liver transplantation for the pulmonary disorders of portal hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Houlihan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20975","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Krowka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01078.x","article-title":"Effects of nifedipine on hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal vein blood flow in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Ota","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20459","article-title":"Hemodynamics and survival of patients with porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Kawut","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0160","article-title":"Porto-pulmonary hypertension: a report from the US-based REVEAL Registry","volume":"141","author":"Krowka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02384.x","article-title":"Survival in porto-pulmonary hypertension: Mayo Clinic experience categorized by treatment subgroups","volume":"8","author":"Swanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20016","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome and porto-pulmonary hypertension: a report of the multicenter liver transplant database","volume":"10","author":"Krowka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02600.x","article-title":"Current management approaches to porto-pulmonary hypertension","author":"Savale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.026","article-title":"Pulmonary contraindications, indications and MELD exceptions for liver transplantation: a contemporary view and look forward","volume":"59","author":"Krowka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080425","article-title":"Effects of verapamil on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics and liver function in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Navasa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.031","article-title":"Updated treatment algorithm of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Galie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.013","article-title":"Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"130","author":"Provencher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp022","article-title":"A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Galie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209655","article-title":"Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"369","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340504","article-title":"A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"334","author":"Barst","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300307","article-title":"Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): a study of 15 patients with moderate-to-severe porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Krowka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21174","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of porto-pulmonary hypertension: effect of treatment with epoprostenol","volume":"13","author":"Fix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-013-9501-5","article-title":"Early initiation of prostacyclin in porto-pulmonary hypertension: 10 years of a transplant center's experience","volume":"191","author":"Awdish","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050517","article-title":"Progressive splenomegaly after epoprostenol therapy in porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Findlay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31824184b1","article-title":"Epoprostenol-induced hypersplenism in porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"344","author":"Touma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00830.x","article-title":"Initial experience using continuous intravenous treprostinil to manage pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Sakai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23407","article-title":"Treatment with sildenafil and treprostinil allows successful liver transplantation of patients with moderate-to-severe porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Hollatz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21997","article-title":"Acute and long-term effects of inhaled iloprost in porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Melgosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0485","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Successful management of porto-pulmonary hypertension with beraprost","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.005","article-title":"Use of a mixed endothelin receptor antagonist in porto-pulmonary hypertension: a safe and effective therapy?","volume":"128","author":"Kuntzen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138706","article-title":"Results of European post-marketing surveillance of bosentan in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Humbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00080804","article-title":"Bosentan therapy for porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Hoeper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00117511","article-title":"Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of bosentan in porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Savale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0574","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ambrisentan for the treatment of porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"139","author":"Cartin-Ceba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00030206","article-title":"Sildenafil treatment for porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Reichenberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21479","article-title":"Sildenafil monotherapy in porto-pulmonary hypertension can facilitate liver transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Hemnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21533","article-title":"Sildenafil therapy is associated with improved hemodynamics in liver transplantation candidates with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Gough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21310","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of combined use of sildenafil, bosentan, and iloprost before and after liver transplantation in severe porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Austin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.6.1748","article-title":"Improvement of pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation","volume":"115","author":"Schott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01432.x","article-title":"Successful liver transplantation following medical management of porto-pulmonary hypertension: a single-center series","volume":"6","author":"Sussman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01701.x","article-title":"The impact of treatment of porto-pulmonary hypertension on survival following liver transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Ashfaq","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2004.03378.x","article-title":"Medical management of porto-pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure prior to living-related liver transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Sulica","year":"2004","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22107","article-title":"Successful outcomes following living donor liver transplantation for porto-pulmonary hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Bandara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181636f3f","article-title":"Indications for and outcomes after combined lung and liver transplantation: a single-center experience on 13 consecutive cases","volume":"85","author":"Grannas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210740115000066?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210740115000066?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:21:36Z","timestamp":1761895296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2210740115000066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2210740115000066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725415882.793505512","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2210-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7401","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cPorto-pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}