{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:41:55Z","timestamp":1768462915991,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T17:33:44Z","timestamp":1457544824000},"page":"e38-e43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Toxic hepatitis due to a food supplement: \u201cNatural\u201d is no synonym for \u201charmless\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Filip J.","family":"Couturier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc J.","family":"Colemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Fierens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique M.","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr158","article-title":"ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)","volume":"32","author":"European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03307.x","article-title":"Review article: drug hepatotoxicity","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0015","series-title":"Chinese technology in the seventeenth century. Sun E-T and Sun S-C, transl.","first-page":"291","author":"Ying Sing","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319340008","article-title":"Tea and health: studies in humans","volume":"19","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0025","article-title":"Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Hartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-178","article-title":"Red yeast rice lowers cholesterol in physicians\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a double blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/14017431003624123","article-title":"HypoCol (red yeast rice) lowers plasma cholesterol\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"44","author":"Bogsrud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.05.015","article-title":"Red yeast rice improves lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and vascular remodeling parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic Italian subjects","volume":"33","author":"Cicero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0576-9","article-title":"Can red yeast rice and olive extract improve lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome? A double blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"15","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.056","article-title":"Effect of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009337509","article-title":"Beneficial impact of Xuezhikang on cardiovascular events and mortality in elderly hypertensive patients with previous myocardial infarction from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study (CCSPS)","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0060","first-page":"2304","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to monacolin K from red yeast rice and maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations (ID 1648, 1700) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006","volume":"9","author":"EFSA","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.10.045","article-title":"Lipid-lowering efficacy of red yeast rice in a population intolerant to statins","volume":"105","author":"Venero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-12-200906160-00006","article-title":"Red yeast rice for dyslipidemia in statin-intolerant patients: a randomized trial","volume":"150","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03224.x","article-title":"Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products","volume":"66","author":"Lapi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200210270-00028","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis due to red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) in a renal transplant recipient","volume":"74","author":"Prasad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00374.x","article-title":"Anaphylaxis due to Monascus purpureus-fermented rice (red yeast rice)","volume":"54","author":"Wigger-Alberti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.02.021","article-title":"Acute hepatitis caused by a natural lipid-lowering product: when \u201calternative\u201d medicine is no \u201calternative\u201d at all","volume":"50","author":"Grieco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-7-200810070-00021","article-title":"Symptomatic hepatitis associated with the use of herbal red yeast rice","volume":"149","author":"Roselle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200308000-00014","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis revealed by atorvastatin","volume":"15","author":"Pelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200609000-00018","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by statins","volume":"40","author":"Alla","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-009-0077-8","article-title":"Management of the patient with statin intolerance","volume":"12","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831060-00003","article-title":"Safety of green tea extracts: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia","volume":"31","author":"Sarma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00020","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity associated with supplements containing Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis)","volume":"144","author":"Bonkovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0125","first-page":"8339","article-title":"The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2004.04.004","article-title":"Identification and chemical profiling of monacolins in red yeast rice using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0135","first-page":"292","article-title":"Thermal degradation kinetics analysis of monacolin K in Monascus-fermentated products LWT","volume":"42","author":"Hsin-Ping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283603e89","article-title":"Herbal hepatotoxicity: suspected cases assessed for alternative causes","volume":"25","author":"Teschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i19.2864","article-title":"Herbal hepatotoxicity: challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment methods","volume":"19","author":"Teschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210740116000309?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210740116000309?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:24:30Z","timestamp":1761895470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2210740116000309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2210740116000309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7401","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toxic hepatitis due to a food supplement: \u201cNatural\u201d is no synonym for \u201charmless\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}