{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:14:57Z","timestamp":1793218497363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":149,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005639","name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T21:18:37Z","timestamp":1751577517000},"page":"100704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The cognitive and motor effects of immersive virtual reality in individuals with neurocognitive disorder: randomized controlled trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5897-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maristela","family":"Chaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-7012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Maria Ribeiro","family":"Bacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6235-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5952-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Terzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6311-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3757-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana dos","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1778-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Maria D'Andrea","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9104-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina Miksian","family":"Magaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0375-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislaine","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Leopold","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7597-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Pompeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0269","article-title":"Exergaming executive functions: an immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training for adults aged 50 and older","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000791","article-title":"Serious video games and virtual reality for prevention and neurorehabilitation of cognitive decline because of aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Sokolov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0003","series-title":"Manual Diagn\u00f3stico e Estat\u00edstico De Transtornos Mentais: DSM-5","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: mild cognitive impairment: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American academy of neurology","volume":"90","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000313","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"22","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics1020011","article-title":"Prognosis of early-onset vs. Late-onset mild cognitive impairment: comparison of conversion rates and its predictors","volume":"1","author":"T\u00e1buas-Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2174\/156720509788929291","article-title":"Long term caregiving: helping families of persons with mild cognitive impairment cope","volume":"6","author":"Austrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01811","article-title":"Rehabilitative effects of virtual reality technology for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0010","first-page":"265","article-title":"Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain","volume":"20","author":"Kolb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.1\/dpark","article-title":"The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0012","article-title":"Does practicing with a virtual reality driving simulator improve spatial cognition in older adults?","volume":"15","author":"Masoumzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"A Pilot Study Neurosci Insights"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0252","article-title":"Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging","volume":"86","author":"Ahlskog","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8030335","article-title":"Virtual reality-based cognitive-motor rehabilitation in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled study on motivation and cognitive function","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2015.08.003","article-title":"A multimodal approach to dementia prevention: a report from the Cambridge Institute of Public Health","volume":"1","author":"Olanrewaju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.02.011","article-title":"Evidence-based Cognitive Rehabilitation: systematic review of the literature from 2009 through 2014","volume":"100","author":"Cicerone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0017","series-title":"Physical Management For Neurological Conditions","first-page":"397","article-title":"Virtual rehabilitation: virtual reality and interactive gaming technologies on neurorehabilitation","author":"Lange","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00162","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized control trial","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01811","article-title":"Rehabilitative effects of virtual reality technology for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-1-12","article-title":"Video capture virtual reality as a flexible and effective rehabilitation tool","volume":"1","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31818ee779","article-title":"The Sony PlayStation II EyeToy: low-cost virtual reality for use in rehabilitation","volume":"32","author":"Rand","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9070814","article-title":"Effects of semi-immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training combined with locomotor activity on cognitive function and gait ability in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"9","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-018-0897-y","article-title":"The experience of virtual reality: are individual differences in mental imagery associated with sense of presence?","volume":"20","author":"Iachini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.003","article-title":"Cortical correlate of spatial presence in 2D and 3D interactive virtual reality: an EEG study","volume":"83","author":"Kober","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00788-x","article-title":"Commercial head-mounted display virtual reality for upper extremity rehabilitation in chronic stroke: a single-case design study","volume":"17","author":"Erhardsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001190","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality mirror therapy for upper limb recovery after stroke: a pilot study","volume":"98","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0027","first-page":"136","article-title":"Safety, feasibility and effectiviness of balance and gait training using Nintendo Wii Fit Plus on unstable surface in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Pompeu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552012005000085","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Balance Evaluation System Test and MiniBESTest in elderly and individuals with Parkinson's disease: application of the Rasch model","volume":"17","author":"Maia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.288","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale and the Dynamic Gait Index in people with vestibular dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Whitney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190089","article-title":"Development of a word accentuation test for predicting cognitive performance in Portuguese-speaking populations","volume":"77","author":"Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190130","article-title":"MoCA Test: normative and diagnostic accuracy data for seniors with heterogeneous educational levels in Brazil","volume":"77","author":"Cesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.3.323","article-title":"Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community","volume":"37","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2013001200006","article-title":"Sensibilidade e especificidade do Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) entre adultos da popula\u00e7\u00e3o geral [Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among adults from the general population]","volume":"29","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0030","first-page":"590","article-title":"Correlation between the action research arm test and the box and block test of upper extremity function in stroke patients","volume":"95","author":"Chanubol","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1159\/000501203","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on handgrip strength in older adults: a meta-analytical review","volume":"65","author":"Labott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2180-x","article-title":"The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2021.0173","article-title":"The effect of exergame training on physical functioning of healthy older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00228","article-title":"Thinking while moving or moving while Thinking \u2013 Concepts of motor-cognitive training for cognitive performance enhancement","volume":"10","author":"Herold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibac070","article-title":"Older adults can use technology: why healthcare professionals must overcome ageism in digital health","volume":"12","author":"Mace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"}],"container-title":["Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1807593225001231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1807593225001231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:59:44Z","timestamp":1790711984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1807593225001231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S1807593225001231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704","relation":{},"ISSN":["1807-5932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1807-5932","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The cognitive and motor effects of immersive virtual reality in individuals with neurocognitive disorder: randomized controlled trial protocol","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100704","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100704"}}