{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:27:01Z","timestamp":1792394821251,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000980","name":"Arthritis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR 053351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR 053351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaltherapeutics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,26]],"date-time":"2011-06-26T05:00:49Z","timestamp":1309064449000},"page":"679-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["Use of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current and Emerging Paradigms of Care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasvinder A.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23177","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Helmick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221805","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"322","author":"Harris","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.05.007","article-title":"Extra-articular manifestations and complications of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib4","first-page":"1681","article-title":"Work disability in rheumatoid arthritis 10 years after the diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Sokka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22979","article-title":"The widening mortality gap between rheumatoid arthritis patients and the general population","volume":"56","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200422001-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Kvien","year":"2004","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp050514","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Gaffo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23050","article-title":"Drug-specific and time-dependent risks of bacterial infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists","volume":"56","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90131-7","article-title":"Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events","volume":"96","author":"Saag","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03222.x","article-title":"Approaches to the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs","volume":"66","author":"Sizova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.12.1367","article-title":"The rheumatoid arthritis patient in the clinic: comparing more than 1300 consecutive DMARD courses","volume":"41","author":"Aletaha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei024","article-title":"The changing use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database","volume":"44","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.7.630","article-title":"Practical progress in realisation of early diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis: results from two matched questionnaires within three years","volume":"61","author":"Aletaha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23721","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Saag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh199","article-title":"Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Nell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.2.3","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate: a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"57","author":"Cronstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10083","article-title":"COBRA combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: long-term structural benefits of a brief intervention","volume":"46","author":"Landewe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08513-4","article-title":"Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"Mottonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405123301908","article-title":"Second-line drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"330","author":"Cash","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib20","first-page":"260","article-title":"Treatment continuation rate in relation to efficacy and toxicity in long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and bucillamine in 1,358 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Nagashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib21","series-title":"Enbrel (etanercept)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib22","series-title":"Remicade (infliximab)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib23","series-title":"Humira (adalimumab)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib24","series-title":"Kineret (anakinra)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Abatacept (Orencia) for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Lett Drugs Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib26","series-title":"Rituxan (rituximab)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib27","series-title":"Cimzia (certolizumab pegol)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib28","series-title":"Simponi (golimumab)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib29","first-page":"77","article-title":"Utilization of biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis in the United States: analysis of prescribing patterns in 16,752 newly diagnosed patients and patients new to biologic therapy","volume":"66","author":"Yazici","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2094","article-title":"Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"McInnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60784-3","article-title":"New therapies for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"370","author":"Smolen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.10.001","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review","volume":"117","author":"Tracey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.4.8.1333","article-title":"Anakinra: an inhibitor of IL-1 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expt Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01289.x","article-title":"Abatacept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"61","author":"Todd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1110","article-title":"From the bench to the bedside: ways to improve rituximab efficacy","volume":"104","author":"Cartron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib36","first-page":"S237","article-title":"Improved health-related quality of life with effective disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: evidence from randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Strand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22025","article-title":"Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050524","article-title":"Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition","volume":"353","author":"Genovese","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00004","article-title":"Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"130","author":"Moreland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10697","article-title":"Adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients taking concomitant methotrexate: the ARMADA trial","volume":"48","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib41","first-page":"667","article-title":"Open label study to assess infliximab safety and timing of onset of clinical benefit among patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Shergy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360601","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology preliminary core set of disease activity measures for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials","volume":"36","author":"Felson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05246-0","article-title":"Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial","volume":"354","author":"Maini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20217","volume":"50","author":"Keystone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013052","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom previous disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment has failed","volume":"63","author":"Van de Putte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21671","article-title":"Development of antiinfliximab antibodies and relationship to clinical response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Wolbink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15640-7","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"363","author":"Klareskog","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21519","volume":"54","author":"Breedveld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20568","article-title":"Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"St Clair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61000-4","article-title":"Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial","volume":"372","author":"Emery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011303432201","article-title":"A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"343","author":"Bathon","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055111","article-title":"Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib53","first-page":"2807","article-title":"Safety of the selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10141","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with methotrexate: results of a twenty-four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2196::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"41","author":"Bresnihan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23964","article-title":"Certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate is significantly more effective than placebo plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: findings of a fifty-two-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study","volume":"58","author":"Keystone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101659","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: the RAPID 2 study","volume":"68","author":"Smolen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099291","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol monotherapy every 4 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis failing previous disease-modifying antirheumatic therapy: the FAST4WARD study","volume":"68","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24638","volume":"60","author":"Emery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60506-7","article-title":"Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (GO-AFTER study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial","volume":"374","author":"Smolen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099010","article-title":"Golimumab, a human antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha given by monthly subcutaneous injections, in active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: the GO-FORWARD Study","volume":"68","author":"Keystone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2275","article-title":"Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials","volume":"295","author":"Bongartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21386","article-title":"Infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic agents","volume":"52","author":"Listing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062760","article-title":"Time-dependent increase in risk of hospitalisation with infection among Swedish RA patients treated with TNF antagonists","volume":"66","author":"Askling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22504","article-title":"Risk of serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists","volume":"56","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21978","article-title":"Rates of serious infection, including site-specific and bacterial intracellular infection, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register","volume":"54","author":"Dixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22600","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of serious bacterial infections in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Schneeweiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22808","article-title":"Serious infection following anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: lessons from interpreting data from observational studies","volume":"56","author":"Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.083188","article-title":"Risk of serious infections during rituximab, abatacept and anakinra treatments for rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"68","author":"Salliot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.080002","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of abatacept or infliximab vs placebo in ATTEST: a phase III, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate","volume":"67","author":"Schiff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24906","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following rituximab treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24966","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases","volume":"60","author":"Molloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033241","article-title":"Haematopoietic malignancies in rheumatoid arthritis: lymphoma risk and characteristics after exposure to tumour necrosis factor antagonists","volume":"64","author":"Askling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22056","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist use and cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Setoguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22579","article-title":"The effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy on the risk of lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis in 19,562 patients during 89,710 person-years of observation","volume":"56","author":"Wolfe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib77","author":"Cush"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11439","article-title":"Direct medical costs and their predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a three-year study of 7,527 patients","volume":"48","author":"Michaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23374","article-title":"Biologic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis in the Medicare program: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"58","author":"Wailoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X210615","article-title":"Cost of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-antagonist therapy using claims data","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib81","first-page":"47","article-title":"Comparison of costs associated with the use of etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Bullano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Manag Care Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib82","first-page":"iii","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults and an economic evaluation of their cost-effectiveness","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib83","first-page":"21","article-title":"Dose adjustment over time of etanercept and infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Etemad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manag Care Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel326","article-title":"Dose escalation of the anti-TNF-alpha agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"46","author":"Ariza-Ariza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.11.007","article-title":"Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of dosage regimens","volume":"30","author":"Zintzaras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080592","article-title":"Changing patterns of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor use in 9074 patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Yazici","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23493","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of etanercept 50 mg twice a week in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had a suboptimal response to etanercept 50 mg once a week: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active drug-controlled study","volume":"58","author":"Weinblatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.126714","article-title":"Economic aspects of treatment options in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Schoels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib89","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness treatment with Rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real life","author":"Benucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802321683","article-title":"UK cost-utility analysis of rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis that failed to respond adequately to a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug","volume":"24","author":"Kielhorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3111\/13696990903508021","article-title":"Indirect cost-effectiveness analyses of abatacept and rituximab in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20020","article-title":"Physician preferences motivates use of anti-TNF therapy independent of clinical disease activity","volume":"62","author":"Curtis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv18","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.042549","article-title":"Biological drug use: US perspectives on indications and monitoring","volume":"64","author":"Cush","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.1.57","article-title":"Medicare coverage of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors as an influence on physicians' prescribing behavior","volume":"166","author":"DeWitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019422","article-title":"Patient preferences for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24560","article-title":"Impact of Medicare Part D on access to and cost sharing for specialty biologic medications for beneficiaries with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"61","author":"Polinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib97","author":"Hargrave"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib98","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis: National Clinical Guideline for Management and Treatment in Adults","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib99","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early rheumatoid arthritis\u2014is there a window of opportunity?","volume":"80","author":"Cush","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21405","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Goekoop-Ruiterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R112","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2001","article-title":"Four-year follow-up of infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with long-standing refractory disease: attrition and long-term evolution of disease activity","volume":"8","author":"Vander Cruyssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken034","article-title":"Treatment response to a second or third TNF-inhibitor in RA: results from the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group Register","volume":"47","author":"Karlsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22331","article-title":"Outcomes after switching from one anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent to a second anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large UK national cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Hyrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib104","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Monitoring response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis\u2014which tool is best suited for routine \u201dreal world\u201d care?","volume":"65","author":"Yazici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Joint Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 39","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib105","first-page":"S100","article-title":"The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Aletaha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20066","volume":"62","author":"Pincus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","article-title":"Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"361","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23417","article-title":"Denosumab treatment effects on structural damage, bone mineral density, and bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis: a twelve-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24567","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo","volume":"60","author":"Kremer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007848","article-title":"Biologics for rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of Cochrane reviews","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3282fa13b4","article-title":"At the horizon of innovative therapy in rheumatology: new biologic agents","volume":"20","author":"Finckh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69301-X","article-title":"Inhibiting toll-like receptors in inflammatory disease","volume":"368","author":"Emery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.119933","volume":"69","author":"Emery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291811002803?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291811002803?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:48:46Z","timestamp":1758962926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149291811002803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0149291811002803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current and Emerging Paradigms of Care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}