{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:57:45Z","timestamp":1776164265706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T21:30:45Z","timestamp":1393709445000},"page":"477-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["New Developments in Diabetes Management: Medications of the 21st Century"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Vivian A.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali MK, Bullard KM, Saaddine JB, et al. Achievement of goals in U.S. diabetes care, 1999\u20132010. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1613\u20131624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1213829"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.01.002","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting patient engagement in diabetes self-management. Perspectives of a certified diabetes educator","volume":"35","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.02.002","article-title":"Barriers to diabetes management. Patient and provider factors","volume":"93","author":"Nam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1006524","article-title":"Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"364","author":"Gerstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431","article-title":"Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"360","author":"Duckworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802987","article-title":"Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860611418491","article-title":"Improving outpatient diabetes care","volume":"27","author":"Kirsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.6.401","article-title":"A bitter pill. Formulary variability and the challenge to prescribing physicians","volume":"17","author":"Shrank","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028","article-title":"Banting lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet. A new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"58","author":"Defronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2561-x","article-title":"The incretin hormones. From scientific discovery to practical therapeutics","volume":"55","author":"Mudaliar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1092","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","article-title":"The incretin system. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes","volume":"368","author":"Drucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-826178","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Ahren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1083","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea","volume":"28","author":"Kendall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2628","article-title":"Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Buse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01493.x","article-title":"Achieving a clinically relevant composite outcome of an HbA1c of <7% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of the liraglutide clinical trial programme. Diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Zinman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60659-0","article-title":"Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes. A 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)","volume":"374","author":"Buse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0413","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. A patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"35","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Meier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-2-201101180-00300","article-title":"Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"154","author":"Buse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1928","article-title":"Liraglutide-Detemir Study Group. Sequential intensification of metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes with liraglutide followed by randomized addition of basal insulin prompted by A1C targets","volume":"35","author":"DeVries","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib22","unstructured":"Novo Nordisk. Dual Action of Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes: A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec\/Liraglutide, Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (DUAL\u2122 I). http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01336023. Accessed January 31, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib23","unstructured":"Sanofi. Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine\/Lixisenatide Fixed Combination Versus Insulin Glargine Alone on Top of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01476475. Accessed January 31, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1867","article-title":"Changes in prandial glucagon levels after 2-year treatment with vildagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Ahern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684","article-title":"Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"369","author":"Scirica","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305889","article-title":"Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"369","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60691-6","article-title":"2-year efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin. A randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial","volume":"380","author":"Gallwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.87","article-title":"Renal sodium-glucose transport. Role in diabetes mellitus and potential clinical implications","volume":"75","author":"Bakris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01406.x","article-title":"Canagliflozin, a novel inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter 2, dose dependently reduces calculated renal threshold for glucose excretion and increases urinary glucose excretion in healthy subjects","volume":"13","author":"Sha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60407-2","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0517","article-title":"A study of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin plus insulin sensitizers. Applicability of a novel insulin\u2013independent treatment","volume":"32","author":"Wilding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60683-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU). 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"382","author":"Cefalu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2491","article-title":"Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea. A 52-week randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Schernthaner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00003","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving high doses of insulin. A randomized trial","volume":"156","author":"Wilding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61879-5","article-title":"TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Burant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00004","article-title":"The effects of salsalate on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized trial","volume":"152","author":"Goldfine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00003","article-title":"Salicylate (salsalate) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized trial","volume":"159","author":"Goldfine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.148833","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to target inflammation in type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Goldfine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065213","article-title":"Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"356","author":"Larsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2315","article-title":"The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor INCB13739 improves hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 3A","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.004","article-title":"Basal insulin supplementation in type 2 diabetes; refining the tactics","volume":"116","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60205-0","article-title":"Insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes (BEGIN basal-bolus type 2). A phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial","volume":"379","author":"Garber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1205","article-title":"Insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. A 1-year, randomized, treat-to-target trial (BEGIN once long)","volume":"35","author":"Zinman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib44","unstructured":"Mesoblast, Ltd. Safety study of mesenchymal precursor cells in type 2 diabetes. http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01576328. Accessed February 3, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002853","article-title":"Effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"363","author":"Bergenstal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291814000277?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291814000277?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T08:22:25Z","timestamp":1538814145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149291814000277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0149291814000277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.01.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}