{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:10:15Z","timestamp":1790482215197,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T21:01:02Z","timestamp":1395954062000},"page":"748-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Assessment of Tacrolimus Absorption From the Human Intestinal Tract: Open-Label, Randomized, 4-Way Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tsunashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiji","family":"Sawamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nas","family":"Undre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Groenewoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Keirns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Holman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wylde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Ogawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Sako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Higaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"First","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318167909a","article-title":"First clinical experience with a new once-daily formulation of tacrolimus","volume":"30","author":"First","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80109-0","article-title":"A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance","volume":"23","author":"Claxton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004121059","article-title":"Race and electronically measured adherence to immunosuppressive medications after deceased donor renal transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Weng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2008.14.3.291","article-title":"Persistence, adherence, and switch rates among extended-release and immediate-release overactive bladder medications in a regional managed care plan","volume":"14","author":"D\u02bcSouza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00135-6","article-title":"The role of gamma-scintigraphy in oral drug delivery","volume":"46","author":"Wilding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1461-5347(00)00311-4","article-title":"Development of a new engineering-based capsule for human drug absorption studies","volume":"3","author":"Wilding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm Sci Technol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(01)00134-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the Intelisite capsule to deliver theophylline and frusemide tablets to the small intestine and colon","volume":"13","author":"Clear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000019297.07378.bd","article-title":"Assessment of lumiracoxib bioavailability from targeted sites in the human intestine using remotely activated capsules and gamma scintigraphy","volume":"21","author":"Wilding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011910223812","article-title":"Use of the InteliSite capsule to study ranitidine absorption from various sites within the human intestinal tract","volume":"15","author":"Pithavala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.10.837","article-title":"Comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) levels determined by three different methods in the rat blood","volume":"10","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.8.886","article-title":"Transit of pharmaceutical dosage forms through the small intestine","volume":"27","author":"Davis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.4.292","article-title":"Gastric emptying of solids in man","volume":"23","author":"Holt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015849700421","article-title":"Variation in gastrointestinal transit of pharmaceutical dosage forms in healthy subjects","volume":"8","author":"Coupe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib14","first-page":"145","article-title":"The hungry stomach: physiology, disease, and drug development opportunities","volume":"1","author":"Sanger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600760207","article-title":"Gastric emptying of nondigestible solids in the fasted dog","volume":"76","author":"Gruber","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015922903843","article-title":"Effects of gender, posture, and age on gastric residence time of an indigestible solid: pharmaceutical considerations","volume":"5","author":"Mojaverian","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1985.tb04992.x","article-title":"Drug delivery to the proximal colon","volume":"37","author":"Hardy","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.17.307","article-title":"Analysis and prediction of absorption behavior for theophylline orally administered as powders based on gastrointestinal-transit-absorption (Gita) model","volume":"17","author":"Kadono","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90925-7","article-title":"Transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine, and colon in normal subjects and its role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea","volume":"79","author":"Read","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.113183","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of tacrolimus: a comparison across ethnic groups","volume":"69","author":"Mancinelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700122009999","article-title":"Effect of low- and high-fat meals on tacrolimus absorption following 5 mg single oral doses to healthy human subjects","volume":"41","author":"Bekersky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib22","first-page":"931","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of FK506 following oral administration: a comparison of FK506 and cyclosporine","volume":"23","author":"Venkataramanan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200105150-00021","article-title":"The effect of gut metabolism on tacrolimus bioavailability in renal transplant recipients","volume":"71","author":"Tuteja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000184953.31324.e4","article-title":"Effect of intestinal CYP3A5 on postoperative tacrolimus trough levels in living-donor liver transplant recipients","volume":"16","author":"Uesugi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogent Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02389.x","article-title":"Cytochromes P450 and MDR1 mRNA expression along the human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"60","author":"Thorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37149-6","article-title":"Characterization of interintestinal and intraintestinal variations in human CYP3A-dependent metabolism","volume":"283","author":"Paine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.2.259","article-title":"Characterisation of CYP3A gene subfamily expression in human gastrointestinal tissues","volume":"36","author":"McKinnon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-3053-3","article-title":"A higher dose requirement of tacrolimus in active Crohn\u02bcs disease may be related to a high intestinal P-glycoprotein content","volume":"50","author":"Buchman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diges Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000073901.94759.36","article-title":"Association of the multidrug resistance-1 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the tacrolimus dose requirements in renal transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Anglicheau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)08440-5","article-title":"Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel. Lack of prediction by the erythromycin breath test","volume":"22","author":"Lown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22379-5","article-title":"Interindividual variations in human liver cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in the oxidation of drugs, carcinogens and toxic chemicals: studies with liver microsomes of 30 Japanese and 30 Caucasians","volume":"270","author":"Shimada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026183200740","article-title":"P-glycoprotein increases from proximal to distal regions of human small intestine","volume":"20","author":"Mouly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1021\/mp100015x","article-title":"Effect of variations in the amounts of P-glycoprotein(ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2) and CYP3A4 along the human small intestine on PBPK models for predicting intestinal first pass","volume":"7","author":"Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"}],"container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291814001210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291814001210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T05:30:39Z","timestamp":1746163839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149291814001210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0149291814001210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}