{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:35:55Z","timestamp":1790087755101,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaltherapeutics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T16:47:22Z","timestamp":1464713242000},"page":"1696-1709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Risk Associated With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bruce","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Kutikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kausik K.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bruckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh236","article-title":"Genetic causes of monogenic heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a huge prevalence review","volume":"160","author":"Austin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-015-0037-z","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia: a review of the natural history, diagnosis, and management","volume":"4","author":"Najam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)03143-0","article-title":"Vascular biology of atherosclerosis: overview and state of the art","volume":"91","author":"Libby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.03.451","article-title":"Treatment of adults with familial hypercholesterolemia and evidence for treatment: recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)","author":"Ned","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Currents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.027","article-title":"Effect of lipid-lowering treatment on natural history of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in past three decades","volume":"108","author":"Elis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62127-8","article-title":"Use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol gene score to distinguish patients with polygenic and monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia: a case-control study","volume":"381","author":"Talmud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht273","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease. Consensus Statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society","volume":"34","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.063","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels in familial hypercholesterolemia: an important predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of the type of LDL receptor mutation","volume":"63","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-65","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in a multi-ethnic cohort","volume":"13","author":"Allard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.2.290","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors affecting the incidence of coronary artery disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vas Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib13","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, et al. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 2011. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. Accessed: May 25, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1563","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Danish general population: prevalence, coronary artery disease, and cholesterol-lowering medication","volume":"97","author":"Benn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrin Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.2.225","article-title":"Development of coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"79","author":"Mabuchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6807.893","article-title":"Risk of fatal coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Scientific Steering Committee","volume":"303","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00200-7","article-title":"Mortality in treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: implications for clinical management. Scientific Steering Committee","volume":"142","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.024","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia: influence of low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation type and classic risk factors","volume":"200","author":"Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn422","article-title":"Reductions in all-cause, cancer, and coronary mortality in statin-treated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a prospective registry study","volume":"29","author":"Neil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a2423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2423","article-title":"Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study","volume":"337","author":"Versmissen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.020","article-title":"Severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and risk for cardiovascular disease: a study of a cohort of 14,000 mutation carriers","volume":"233","author":"Besseling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001236","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001236","article-title":"Mortality among patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a registry-based study in Norway, 1992-2010","volume":"3","author":"Mundal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.36.1.77","article-title":"Coronary disease in familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"36","author":"Jensen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90930-1","article-title":"Risks of ischaemic heart-disease in familial hyperlipoproteinaemic states","volume":"2","author":"Slack","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00336-6","article-title":"Additional risk factors influence excess mortality in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"149","author":"Sijbrands","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7293.1019","article-title":"Mortality over two centuries in large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolaemia: family tree mortality study","volume":"322","author":"Sijbrands","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and mortality in statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"172","author":"Mohrschladt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw028","article-title":"Mutations causative of familial hypercholesterolaemia: screening of 98 098 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study estimated a prevalence of 1 in 217","volume":"37","author":"Benn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","article-title":"Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers\u2019 to authors\u2019 assessments","volume":"14","author":"Lo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014929181630340X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014929181630340X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T12:10:41Z","timestamp":1668600641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014929181630340X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S014929181630340X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiovascular Disease Risk Associated With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review of the Literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}