{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:14:41Z","timestamp":1786986881832,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30 AR066953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30 AR066953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AR069688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AR069688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR070253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR070253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AR072577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AR072577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicaltherapeutics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T23:59:23Z","timestamp":1560124763000},"page":"1323-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Potential of Lifestyle Changes for Reducing the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is an Ounce of Prevention Worth a Pound of Cure?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zaccardelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Maura","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib1","first-page":"721","article-title":"Vital signs: avoidable deaths from heart disease, stroke, and hypertensive disease\u2014United States, 2001-2010","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0563-2","article-title":"The roles of cigarette smoking and the lung in the transitions between phases of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Sparks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21575","article-title":"A\u00a0new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination","volume":"54","author":"Klareskog","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.102962","article-title":"Gene-environment interaction between HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and heavy cigarette smoking in predicting incident rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Karlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3813","article-title":"Smoking interacts with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope in the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA)","volume":"14","author":"Too","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20553","article-title":"A\u00a0gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Padyukov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22703","article-title":"Interaction between smoking, the shared epitope, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide: a mixed picture in three large North American rheumatoid arthritis cohorts","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075192","article-title":"Smoking increases peptidylarginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells","volume":"67","author":"Makrygiannakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0638-x","article-title":"Associations of antibodies against citrullinated peptides with human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope and smoking prior to the development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Kokkonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1076","article-title":"Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39228","article-title":"Interactions between amino acid-defined major histocompatibility complex class II variants and smoking in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11223","article-title":"Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Rantapaa-Dahlqvist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R303","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1187","article-title":"A\u00a0combination of autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and HLA-DRB1 locus antigens is strongly associated with future onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Berglin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20018","article-title":"Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurements in blood donors","volume":"50","author":"Nielen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39297","article-title":"Autoantibodies in prediction of the development of rheumatoid arthritis among healthy relatives of patients with the disease","volume":"67","author":"Ramos-Remus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38022","article-title":"Relatives without rheumatoid arthritis show reactivity to anti-citrullinated protein\/peptide antibodies that are associated with arthritis-related traits: studies of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.09.001","article-title":"Elevated BMI and antibodies to citrullinated proteins interact to increase rheumatoid arthritis risk and shorten time to diagnosis: a nested case-control study of women in the Nurses' Health Studies","volume":"46","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib18","article-title":"Impact of cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody level on progression to rheumatoid arthritis in clinically tested CCP-positive patients without RA","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39630","article-title":"Associations of smoking and age with inflammatory joint signs among unaffected first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from studies of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Sparks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202254","article-title":"Smoking and overweight determine the likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"de Hair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90082-5","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Vessey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.12.980","article-title":"Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption","volume":"49","author":"Hazes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199007000-00005","article-title":"Reproductive factors, smoking, and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Hernandez Avila","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.10.753","article-title":"Smoking, lung function, and rheumatoid factors","volume":"49","author":"Tuomi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib25","first-page":"525","article-title":"Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Voigt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390504","article-title":"Cigarette smoking increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a nationwide study of disease-discordant twins","volume":"39","author":"Silman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401106","article-title":"Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England","volume":"40","author":"Symmons","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199905)42:5<910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals","volume":"42","author":"Karlson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib29","first-page":"47","article-title":"Current tobacco smoking, formal education, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Uhlig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.9.835","article-title":"Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases","volume":"62","author":"Stolt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.096487","article-title":"Impact of smoking as a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"69","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.053","article-title":"Smoking intensity, duration, and cessation, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"119","author":"Costenbader","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23837","article-title":"Impact and timing of smoking cessation on reducing risk for rheumatoid arthritis among women in the Nurses' Health Studies","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R158","DOI":"10.1186\/ar750","article-title":"Smoking-gender interaction and risk for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Krishnan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27716","article-title":"Associations of cigarette smoking with rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans","volume":"62","author":"Mikuls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0544-2","article-title":"Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive but not ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis in Asian populations: evidence from the Malaysian MyEIRA case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Yahya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22366","article-title":"Contributions of familial rheumatoid arthritis or lupus and environmental factors to risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Sparks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.120899","article-title":"Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis: estimations of risks after various exposures to cigarette smoke","volume":"70","author":"Kallberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01051-3","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study","volume":"112","author":"Criswell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R61","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4498","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-212973","article-title":"Exposure to passive smoking and rheumatoid arthritis risk: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"77","author":"Hedstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib42","article-title":"Passive smoking in childhood increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Seror","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800503","article-title":"Exposure to traffic pollution and increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"117","author":"Hart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201587","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA case-control study","volume":"72","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21975","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016839","article-title":"Risk of sarcoidosis and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis from occupational silica exposure in Swedish iron foundries: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Vihlborg","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212145","article-title":"Amount of smoking, duration of smoking cessation and their interaction with silica exposure in the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among males: results from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study","volume":"77","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2013.854076","article-title":"Silica exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis in an Asian population: evidence from the Malaysian MyEIRA case-control study","volume":"24","author":"Yahya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.114694","article-title":"Silica exposure among male current smokers is associated with a high risk of developing ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Stolt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22325","article-title":"Smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) use and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from a case-control study","volume":"66","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1338OC","article-title":"Smoking, use of moist snuff, and risk of chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"181","author":"Carlens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2381-3","article-title":"Association of fish intake and smoking with risk of rheumatoid arthritis and age of onset: a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Sparks","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu330","article-title":"Interaction between dietary sodium and smoking increases the risk for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a nested case-control study","volume":"54","author":"Sundstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R56","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4218","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation in relation to risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"15","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23510","article-title":"Effectiveness of a web-based personalized rheumatoid arthritis risk tool with or without a health educator for knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis risk factors","volume":"70","author":"Prado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23411","article-title":"Disclosure of personalized rheumatoid arthritis risk using genetics, biomarkers, and lifestyle factors to motivate health behavior improvements: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Sparks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib57","article-title":"Effect of communicating personalized rheumatoid arthritis risk on concern for developing RA: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Marshall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.02.023","article-title":"Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Fantuzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.02.007","article-title":"Impact of obesity on autoimmune arthritis and its cardiovascular complications","volume":"17","author":"Van Raemdonck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.191","article-title":"Relation of BMI and physical activity to sex hormones in postmenopausal women","volume":"14","author":"McTiernan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0601-x","article-title":"Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202481","article-title":"Using lifestyle factors to identify individuals at higher risk of inflammatory polyarthritis (results from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk and the Norfolk Arthritis Register\u2014the EPIC-2-NOAR Study)","volume":"73","author":"Lahiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R133","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2022","article-title":"Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740802448825","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis in UK primary care: incidence and prior morbidity","volume":"38","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21749","article-title":"Association between body mass index and anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive and anti-citrullinated protein antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population-based case-control study","volume":"65","author":"Wesley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21660","article-title":"Contribution of obesity to the rise in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Crowson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib67","first-page":"246","article-title":"Blood transfusion, alcohol use, and anthropometric risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in older women","volume":"29","author":"Cerhan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205459","article-title":"Being overweight or obese and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu045","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of autoimmune diseases: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"43","author":"Harpsoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2859","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002859","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"95","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib71","article-title":"Body fat percentage, waist circumference, and obesity as risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis: a Danish cohort study","author":"Linauskas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1171-2","article-title":"Abdominal obesity, gender and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis\u2014a nested case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Ljung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev313","article-title":"A\u00a0high body mass index is associated with reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis in men, but not in women","volume":"55","author":"Turesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8802-0","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women [abstract]","volume":"70","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22629","article-title":"Impact of bariatric surgery on patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Sparks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib76","article-title":"Bariatric surgery does not affect the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in obese subjects [abstract]","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.052","article-title":"The effects of diet on inflammation: emphasis on the metabolic syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Giugliano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200202000-00002","article-title":"Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w14190","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2015.14190","article-title":"How the Mediterranean diet and some of its components modulate inflammatory pathways in arthritis","volume":"145","author":"Oliviero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3912-1","article-title":"The effects of the Mediterranean diet on rheumatoid arthritis prevention and treatment: a systematic review of human prospective studies","volume":"38","author":"Forsyth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003319","article-title":"Does diet have a role in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"63","author":"Pattison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1680-2","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Johansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001539","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: the experience of the PREDIMED study","volume":"69","author":"Estruch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22481","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"67","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-22","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure levels, in overweight and obese people; the Attica study","volume":"6","author":"Tzima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3185-x","article-title":"Diet and alcohol as risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Sundstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210431","article-title":"Long-term dietary quality and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"76","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4261-5","article-title":"Inflammatory dietary pattern and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"38","author":"Sparks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib89","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Development and validation of an empirical dietary inflammatory index","volume":"146","author":"Tabung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.4.1029","article-title":"Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Lopez-Garcia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.1.61","article-title":"Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"73","author":"Fung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.502","article-title":"Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein","volume":"290","author":"Jenkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev266","article-title":"Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study","volume":"55","author":"Gan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex360","article-title":"The association between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and inflammatory arthritis in an anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive population","volume":"56","author":"Gan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4230","article-title":"Long term alcohol intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population based cohort study","volume":"345","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0446-8","article-title":"Fish consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x","article-title":"Fatty acids from fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids","volume":"68","author":"Wall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001564","article-title":"Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: past, present and future","volume":"69","author":"James","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80313-9","article-title":"Diet and arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Cleland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0586-3","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids: any role in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"16","author":"Navarini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203338","article-title":"Long-term intake of dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study of women","volume":"73","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000353120","article-title":"The association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in erythrocytes and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Korean women","volume":"63","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8820","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050978l","article-title":"Effects of cooking on concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds in fish and meat","volume":"53","author":"Hori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199605000-00007","article-title":"Diet and rheumatoid arthritis in women: a possible protective effect of fish consumption","volume":"7","author":"Shapiro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181b5f0ce","article-title":"Dietary fish and fish oil and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Rosell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib106","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort","volume":"32","author":"Pedersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212274","article-title":"High erythrocyte levels of the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid are associated with lower risk of subsequent rheumatoid arthritis in a southern European nested case-control study","volume":"77","author":"de Pablo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209154","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of autoantibodies in shared epitope-positive subjects at risk for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Gan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203323","article-title":"Alcohol consumption as a preventive factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"73","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes376","article-title":"The protective effect of alcohol on developing rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3398","article-title":"Inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell accessory cell function and induction of T cell anergy by alcohol correlates with decreased IL-12 production","volume":"173","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2006.05.001","article-title":"Alcohol and inflammation and immune responses: summary of the 2005 alcohol and immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting","volume":"38","author":"Waldschmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38634","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective study","volume":"66","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.8.631","article-title":"Coffee consumption, rheumatoid factor, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Heliovaara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2631-1","article-title":"Coffee or tea consumption and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11306","article-title":"Coffee consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Karlson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<83::AID-ART10042>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study","volume":"46","author":"Mikuls","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.086918","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened soda consumption and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"100","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R16","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2123","article-title":"Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Benito-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib120","article-title":"Meat consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population-based cohort study [abstract]","volume":"70","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu276","article-title":"Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Hiraki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4152-9","article-title":"Vitamin D level and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization","volume":"37","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21776","article-title":"Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Hiraki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11434","article-title":"Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study","volume":"50","author":"Merlino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf205","article-title":"Antioxidant micronutrients and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of older women","volume":"157","author":"Cerhan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.016097","article-title":"Vitamin C and the risk of developing inflammatory polyarthritis: prospective nested case-control study","volume":"63","author":"Pattison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200007000-00007","article-title":"Serum selenium, serum alpha-tocopherol, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Knekt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib128","first-page":"309","article-title":"Circulating carotenoids and subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women","volume":"35","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944","article-title":"Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"380","author":"Manson","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811403","article-title":"Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer","volume":"380","author":"Manson","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.010","article-title":"Physical activity and autoimmune diseases: get moving and manage the disease","volume":"17","author":"Sharif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.09.002","article-title":"Myokines, physical activity, insulin resistance and autoimmune diseases","volume":"203","author":"Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.02.002","article-title":"Beneficial health effects of exercise\u2014the role of IL-6 as a myokine","volume":"28","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.02.005","article-title":"Skeletal muscle as an immunogenic organ","volume":"8","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3224-x","article-title":"Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Eckardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0560-2","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population-based prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib137","article-title":"Long-term physical activity and subsequent risk for rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study","author":"Xinyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01776.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease, tooth loss and incident rheumatoid arthritis: results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its epidemiological follow-up study","volume":"38","author":"Demmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.06.007","article-title":"Does treatment of periodontal disease influence systemic disease?","volume":"59","author":"Borgnakke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13936","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13936","article-title":"The peptidylarginine deiminase gene is a conserved feature of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"5","author":"Gabarrini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6b00634","article-title":"Extracellular proteome and citrullinome of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"15","author":"Stobernack","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Proteome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib143","first-page":"70","article-title":"Association of periodontal disease and tooth loss with rheumatoid arthritis in the US population","volume":"35","author":"de Pablo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib144","first-page":"979","article-title":"Association among rheumatoid arthritis, oral hygiene, and periodontitis","volume":"79","author":"Pischon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091398","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of periodontal disease and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Arkema","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34595","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and disease-related autoantibodies in individuals at increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Mikuls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204594","article-title":"Antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis in seropositive arthralgia patients do not predict development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"de Smit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1200350","article-title":"Short-term microbiological effects of scaling and root planing and essential-oils mouthwash in Chinese adults","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.01.013","article-title":"Citrullination and autoimmunity","volume":"14","author":"Valesini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291819301857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149291819301857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:50:21Z","timestamp":1758963021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149291819301857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0149291819301857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Potential of Lifestyle Changes for Reducing the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is an Ounce of Prevention Worth a Pound of Cure?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}