{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:32:16Z","timestamp":1782271936864,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T07:34:55Z","timestamp":1733988895000},"page":"137-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Marisa C.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Lyme disease--United States, 1999","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00464-8","article-title":"Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study","volume":"16","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0139-x","article-title":"Effect of climate change on Lyme disease risk in North America","volume":"2","author":"Brownstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00083-18","article-title":"Emerging tick-borne diseases","volume":"33","author":"Madison-Antenucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16090","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.90","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"2","author":"Steere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2708.204763","article-title":"Comparison of lyme disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"27","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp061181","article-title":"Clinical practice. Early Lyme disease","volume":"354","author":"Wormser","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02935-5","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis diagnosis: state of the art of improvements and innovations","volume":"23","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib14","first-page":"590","article-title":"Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the second national conference on serologic diagnosis of lyme disease","volume":"44","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01853-13","article-title":"Comparative cost-effectiveness of two-tiered testing strategies for serodiagnosis of lyme disease with noncutaneous manifestations","volume":"51","author":"Wormser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00547-19","article-title":"Evaluation of the modified two-tiered testing method for diagnosis of lyme disease in children","volume":"57","author":"Lipsett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6832a4","article-title":"Updated CDC recommendation for serologic diagnosis of lyme disease","volume":"68","author":"Mead","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0013924","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00139-24","article-title":"Performance of two modified two-tier algorithms for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease","volume":"62","author":"Landry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00018-19","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of lyme borreliosis","volume":"34","author":"Branda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01841-19","article-title":"Performance of a modified two-tiered testing enzyme immunoassay algorithm for serologic diagnosis of lyme disease in nova scotia","volume":"58","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1468-4","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for Lyme borreliosis in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Leeflang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1086\/324490","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostic techniques for patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans: a comparison of different techniques","volume":"33","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib23","first-page":"605","article-title":"Diagnostic testing for lyme disease","volume":"36","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/589242","article-title":"Prospective study of serologic tests for lyme disease","volume":"47","author":"Steere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.151694","article-title":"Current guidelines, common clinical pitfalls, and future directions for laboratory diagnosis of lyme disease, United States","volume":"22","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.484-509.2005","article-title":"Diagnosis of lyme borreliosis","volume":"18","author":"Aguero-Rosenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1215","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA), American academy of neurology (AAN), and American college of rheumatology (ACR): 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease","volume":"72","author":"Lantos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.026","article-title":"Comparison of five diagnostic modalities for direct detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early Lyme disease","volume":"73","author":"Liveris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0287586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287586","article-title":"Identification of potential biomarkers in active Lyme borreliosis","volume":"18","author":"Tjernberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw112","article-title":"Detection of IFN-\u03b3 secretion by T\u00a0cells collected before and after successful treatment of early lyme disease","volume":"62","author":"Callister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab254","article-title":"The initial QuantiFERON-lyme prototype is unsuitable for European patients","volume":"73","author":"Baarsma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4323-6","article-title":"Validation of cellular tests for Lyme borreliosis (VICTORY) study","volume":"19","author":"van de Schoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00630","article-title":"The antibody-secreting cell response to infection: kinetics and clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Carter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0293203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293203","article-title":"Circulating antibody-secreting cells are a biomarker for early diagnosis in patients with Lyme disease","volume":"18","author":"Haddad","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2024.106941","article-title":"Development and validation of a multi-target TaqMan qPCR method for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato","volume":"222","author":"Mass\u00e9glia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib36","article-title":"Molecular detection of Borrelia bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid-optimisation of pre-analytical sample handling for increased analytical sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Lager","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0439522","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04395-22","article-title":"Development of a syndromic molecular diagnostic assay for tick-borne pathogens using barcoded magnetic bead technology","volume":"11","author":"Mohseni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235372","article-title":"Development of a sensitive molecular diagnostic assay for detecting Borrelia burgdorferi DNA from the blood of Lyme disease patients by digital PCR","volume":"15","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651217","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651217","article-title":"Targeting multicopy prophage genes for the increased detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agents of lyme disease, in blood","volume":"12","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13296-x","article-title":"Coordination of cohabiting phage elements supports bacteria-phage cooperation","volume":"10","author":"Argov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.06.033","article-title":"Unconventional diagnostic tests for Lyme borreliosis: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Raffetin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271224000714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271224000714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T18:08:09Z","timestamp":1749578889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272271224000714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272271224000714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-2712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-2712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Laboratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2024.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}