{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T18:21:26Z","timestamp":1783621286871,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:10:27Z","timestamp":1774660227000},"page":"199-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Overview of Dysfibrinogenemia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Fuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Eby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib1","series-title":"Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice","first-page":"285","article-title":"Fibrinogen structure and physiology","author":"Hantgan","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.308564","article-title":"Fibrinogen and fibrin in hemostasis and thrombosis","volume":"37","author":"Kattula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib3","series-title":"Haemostasis methods and protocols","first-page":"181","article-title":"Fibrinogen","author":"Stang","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03242.x","article-title":"Recommendations for nomenclature on fibrinogen and fibrin","volume":"7","author":"Medved","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2021.07.011","article-title":"Disorders of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis","volume":"35","author":"May","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib6","series-title":"Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice","first-page":"939","article-title":"Afibrinogenemias and dysfibrinogenemias","author":"Moen","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012186","article-title":"Congenital fibrinogen disorders: a retrospective clinical and genetic analysis of the prospective rare bleeding disorders database","volume":"8","author":"Mohsenian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14216","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of congenital fibrinogen disorders: communication from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"16","author":"Casini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010116","article-title":"How I treat dysfibrinogenemia","volume":"138","author":"Casini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib10","series-title":"An algorithmic approach to hemostasis testing","article-title":"Abnormal thrombin time","author":"Cunningham","year":"2016"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788898","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory, and molecular aspects of congenital fibrinogen disorders","volume":"51","author":"Casini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12916","article-title":"Dysfibrinogenemia: from molecular anomalies to clinical manifestations and management","volume":"13","author":"Casini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12127","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel mutations implicated in congenital fibrinogen disorders","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000452864","article-title":"Thrombosis in inherited fibrinogen disorders","volume":"44","author":"Korte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib15","article-title":"Fibrinogen BOE II: dysfibrinogenemia with bleeding and defective thrombin binding","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis & Hemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14408","article-title":"Prevalence estimation of dysfibrinogenemia using the Clauss-CWA approach","volume":"47","author":"Suzuki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197808032990503","article-title":"Dysfibrinogenemia associated with hepatoma. Increased carbohydrate content of the fibrinogen molecule","volume":"299","author":"Gralnick","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-0499-LDOD","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of dysfibrinogenemia","volume":"126","author":"Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V61.6.1196.1196","article-title":"The role of sialic acid in the dysfibrinogenemia associated with liver disease: distribution of sialic acid on the constituent chains","volume":"61","author":"Martinez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572327","article-title":"Alterations in fibrin structure in patients with liver diseases","volume":"42","author":"Lisman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90414-0","article-title":"Acquired dysfibrinogenemia. Paraneoplastic syndrome in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"78","author":"Dawson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S90693","article-title":"Acquired hypofibrinogenemia: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Besser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Blood Medicine"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-839480","article-title":"Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance: a novel concept with therapeutic implications","volume":"132","author":"Fermand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14266","article-title":"How to investigate mild to moderate bleeding disorders and bleeding disorder of unknown cause","volume":"46","author":"Casini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229312","article-title":"Bleeding due to acquired dysfibrinogenemia as the initial presentation of multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Siddiq","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14201","article-title":"International council for standardisation in haematology recommendations on fibrinogen assays, thrombin clotting time and related tests in the investigation of bleeding disorders","volume":"46","author":"Mackie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib27","series-title":"An algorithmic approach to hemostasis testing","article-title":"Prolonged prothrombin time","author":"Cunningham","year":"2016"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2000.00002.x","article-title":"Clinical approach to the patient with unexpected bleeding","volume":"22","author":"Teitel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Haemotology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib29","series-title":"An algorithmic approach to hemostasis testing","article-title":"Coagulation testing","author":"Hollensead","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04256.x","article-title":"Guidelines on fibrinogen assays","volume":"121","author":"Mackie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib31","series-title":"Haemostasis methods and protocols","first-page":"131","article-title":"Thrombin clotting time","author":"Ignjatovic","year":"2013"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653741","article-title":"Familial dysfibrinogenemia and thrombophilia","volume":"73","author":"Haverkate","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198605000-00011","article-title":"Hyperfibrinogenemia as a cause of prolonged thrombin time","volume":"79","author":"Carr","year":"1986","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib34","series-title":"Haemostasis methods and protocols","first-page":"273","article-title":"Reptilase time (RT)","author":"Karapetian","year":"2013"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0322-OA","article-title":"External quality assurance of fibrinogen assays using normal plasma: results of the 2008 College of American Pathologists proficiency testing program in coagulation","volume":"136","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613124","article-title":"A performance evaluation of commercial fibrinogen reference preparations and assays for Clauss and PT-derived fibrinogen","volume":"87","author":"Mackie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib37","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Use of fibrinogen determination methods in differential diagnosis of hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia","volume":"67","author":"Skornova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(94)90287-9","article-title":"Screening of dysfibrinogenaemia using the fibrinogen function versus antigen concentration ratio","volume":"76","author":"Krammer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12967","article-title":"Can the phenotype of inherited fibrinogen disorders be predicted?","volume":"22","author":"Casini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib40","series-title":"Advances in clinical chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2023.09.001","article-title":"Chapter one - viscoelastic testing methods","author":"Carll","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/65781","article-title":"Assessment of selected ROTEM parameters, kinetics of fibrinogen polymerization and plasmin amidolytic activity in patients with congenital fibrinogen defects","volume":"25","author":"Treli\u0144ski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052286","article-title":"Whole blood thromboelastometry by ROTEM and thrombin generation by genesia according to the genotype and clinical phenotype in congenital fibrinogen disorders","volume":"22","author":"Szanto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.11.008","article-title":"Fibrin clot structure in patients with congenital dysfibrinogenaemia","volume":"137","author":"Casini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14986","article-title":"Rare bleeding disorders: advances in management","volume":"30","author":"Casini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13941","article-title":"Management of rare inherited bleeding disorders: proposals of the French reference centre on haemophilia and rare coagulation disorders","volume":"110","author":"Trossaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13058","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and management of the rare coagulation disorders","volume":"167","author":"Mumford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib47","unstructured":"CSL Behring LLC. RiaSTAP, Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) [package insert]. CSL Behring LLC; Marburg, Germany, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib48","unstructured":"Octapharma USA Inc. FIBRYGA [fibrinogen (human)] [package insert]. Octapharma USA Inc.; Paramus (NJ), 2025."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.035","article-title":"Obstetrical complications in hereditary fibrinogen disorders: the fibrinogest study","volume":"21","author":"Hugon-Rodin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.6.667","article-title":"Acquired dysfibrinogenemia in liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Francis","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.003","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on prevention and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"76","author":"Villa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31646","article-title":"Vascular liver disorders, portal vein thrombosis, and procedural bleeding in patients with liver disease: 2020 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of liver diseases","volume":"73","author":"Northup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15562","article-title":"Periprocedural management of abnormal coagulation parameters and thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"20","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.0775","article-title":"Low fibrinogen levels are associated with bleeding after varices ligation in thrombocytopenic cirrhotic patients","volume":"17","author":"Giannini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271226000156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271226000156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T18:03:43Z","timestamp":1783620223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272271226000156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272271226000156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-2712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-2712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Overview of Dysfibrinogenemia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Laboratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2026.02.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}