{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:38:42Z","timestamp":1792597122776,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:13:34Z","timestamp":1786493614000},"page":"669-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Clinical Potential for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Alternative Matrices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Maxwell L.","family":"Harsha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Marzinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.12.040","article-title":"LC-MS application for therapeutic drug monitoring in alternative matrices","volume":"166","author":"Avataneo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.004","article-title":"Dried blood spots analysis with mass spectrometry: potentials and pitfalls in therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"49","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.275966","article-title":"State of the science in dried blood spots","volume":"64","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9188-y","article-title":"Use of dried blood spots in drug development: pharmacokinetic considerations","volume":"12","author":"Rowland","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510130604","article-title":"Distribution of carbamazepine and its epoxide in blood compartments in adolescent and adult epileptic patients","volume":"13","author":"Bonneton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108190","article-title":"Clinical validation and implications of dried blood spot sampling of carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenytoin in patients with epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198907000-00003","article-title":"Distribution of drugs over whole blood: I. The transport function of whole blood for valproate","volume":"11","author":"Driessen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000605","article-title":"Dried blood spot self-sampling by guardians of children with epilepsy is feasible: Comparison with plasma for multiple antiepileptic drugs","volume":"41","author":"Linder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115307","article-title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of cabotegravir and rilpivirine from dried blood spots","volume":"228","author":"Weld","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-023-00846-4","article-title":"Dried blood spots\u2014A platform for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Drug\/Disease Response Monitoring (DRM)","volume":"48","author":"Zailani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02853-15","article-title":"HemaSpot, a novel blood storage device for HIV-1 drug resistance testing","volume":"54","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-014-0177-7","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring by dried blood spot: progress to date and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0161","article-title":"Estimation of hematocrit in filter paper dried bloodspots by potassium measurement: advantage of use of perimeter ring samples over circular center sub-punch samples","volume":"55","author":"Rufail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8489","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5022562","article-title":"Volumetric absorptive microsampling: a dried sample collection technique for quantitative bioanalysis","volume":"86","author":"Denniff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16182","article-title":"Clinical validation of two volumetric absorptive microsampling devices to support home-based therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppression","volume":"90","author":"Leino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70234","article-title":"TFV-DP and FTC-TP using volumetric absorptive microsampling compared with DBS among persons receiving TDF\/FTC or TAF\/FTC","volume":"91","author":"Coyle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15024","article-title":"Validation of the quantification of phosphatidylethanol 16:0\/18:1 concentrations in TASSO-M20 devices","volume":"47","author":"Jett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2022-0189","article-title":"Volumetric absorptive microsampling-LC-MS\/MS assays for quantitation of giredestrant in dried human whole blood","volume":"14","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.07.029","article-title":"Volumetric absorptive microsampling: current advances and applications","volume":"147","author":"Kok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90052-3","article-title":"Lipophilicity at pH 7.4 and molecular size govern the entry of the free serum fraction of drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid in humans with uninflamed meninges","volume":"122","author":"Nau","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","article-title":"Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal Fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections","volume":"23","author":"Roland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.107.07109","article-title":"Modulation of P-Glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: opportunities to improve central nervous system pharmacotherapy","volume":"60","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690042834","article-title":"The management of neurosurgical patients with postoperative bacterial or aseptic meningitis or external ventricular drain-associated ventriculitis","volume":"14","author":"Brown de Louvois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib24","article-title":"Intrathecal antibacterial and antifungal therapies","volume":"33","author":"Roland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw861","article-title":"2017 infectious diseases Society of America\u2019s Clinical Practice Guidelines for healthcare-associated ventriculitis and Meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Tunkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804573","article-title":"Nosocomial bacterial meningitis","volume":"362","author":"Dvd","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00231-12","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of colistin in cerebrospinal fluid after intraventricular administration of colistin methanesulfonate","volume":"56","author":"Roberto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.10.017","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid vancomycin concentration during intraventricular administration","volume":"92","author":"Popa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.2.141","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of an aminoglycoside administered into the cerebral ventricles in neonates: implications for further evaluation of this route of therapy in meningitis","volume":"143","author":"Wright","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988","article-title":"Section on breastfeeding. Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"150","author":"Meek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1817420","article-title":"\u201cIs It Safe?\u201d \u2014 the many unanswered questions about medications and breast-feeding","volume":"380","author":"Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449701300219","article-title":"Principles of drug transfer into breast milk and drug disposition in the nursing infant","volume":"13","author":"Breitzka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.377","article-title":"Modeling drug passage into human milk","volume":"100","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e796","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1985","article-title":"The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: an update on selected topics","volume":"132","author":"Sachs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.1066","article-title":"Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants","volume":"161","author":"Weissman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.5-4-e164","article-title":"Pharmacology review: drug therapy and breastfeeding: Pharmacokinetics, risk factors, and effects on milk production","volume":"5","author":"Hale","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib37","first-page":"963","article-title":"Phenobarbital toxic levels in a nursing neonate","volume":"41","author":"Pote","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00605-7","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: current approaches and novel drug development","volume":"33","author":"Frieder","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110391123","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"25","author":"Barnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0170","article-title":"Variation of milk intake over time: clinical and pharmacokinetic implications","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0076","article-title":"What do all the numbers mean?","volume":"11","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12479","article-title":"Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast-feeding","volume":"132","author":"Larsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib43","unstructured":"Drugs and lactation database (LactMed\u00ae). Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK501922\/ (Accessed 23 January 2026)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14538","article-title":"Infant drug exposure via breast milk","volume":"88","author":"Verstegen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294-025-00064-0","article-title":"Clinical lactation studies. Acting on key recommendations over the last decade","volume":"3","author":"Rowland Yeo","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib46","series-title":"US department for health and human services; food and drug administration; center for drug evaluation and research (CDER)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.12.005","article-title":"Validation and implementation of an ultrasensitive liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS\/MS) assay for dapivirine quantitation in breast milk","volume":"82","author":"Manohar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2024.09.001","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic\u2013tandem mass spectrometric methods for the quantitation of dolutegravir in human plasma and breast milk","volume":"34","author":"Rackow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90111-J","article-title":"The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506","volume":"13","author":"Schreiber","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.10.1167","article-title":"Distribution and concentration of cyclosporin in human blood","volume":"37","author":"Atkinson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318198d092","article-title":"Opportunities to optimize tacrolimus therapy in solid organ transplantation: report of the European Consensus conference","volume":"31","author":"Wallemacq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.02008.x","article-title":"Factors affecting variability in distribution of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients","volume":"57","author":"Zahir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1987.tb03436.x","article-title":"Cyclosporin: measurement of fraction unbound in plasma","volume":"39","author":"Legg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.733285","article-title":"Monitoring intra-cellular tacrolimus concentrations in solid organ transplantation: use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and graft biopsy tissue","volume":"12","author":"Sallustio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16277","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell concentrations in stable kidney-transplanted patients","volume":"91","author":"Agergaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1622702","article-title":"Comparing tacrolimus level monitoring in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood within one year after kidney transplantation: a single-center, prospective, observational study","volume":"16","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24543","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV in adults: 2024 recommendations of the international antiviral Society\u2013USA panel","volume":"333","author":"Gandhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz187","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir monoester and association with intracellular tenofovir diphosphate following single-dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate","volume":"74","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.045526","article-title":"Activation of 9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(Isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl]amino] phenoxyphosphinyl]-methoxy]propyl]adenine (GS-7340) and other tenofovir phosphonoamidate prodrugs by human proteases","volume":"74","author":"Birkus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.11.009","article-title":"Tenofovir alafenamide: a novel prodrug of tenofovir for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"125","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000780","article-title":"Measuring intracellular concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors: expert consensus from the International Association of Therapeutic Drug monitoring and clinical toxicology expert Panel","volume":"42","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0182","article-title":"Dose frequency ranging pharmacokinetic study of tenofovir-emtricitabine after directly observed dosing in healthy volunteers to establish adherence benchmarks (HPTN 066)","volume":"32","author":"Hendrix","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271226000740?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272271226000740?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:41:24Z","timestamp":1792593684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272271226000740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272271226000740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-2712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-2712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Clinical Potential for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Alternative Matrices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Laboratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2026.07.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}