{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:21:20Z","timestamp":1782375680799,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinical-lung-cancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,5]],"date-time":"2016-06-05T17:45:35Z","timestamp":1465148735000},"page":"e71-e79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Challenges in Facing the Lung Cancer Epidemic and Treating Advanced Disease in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Raez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgardo S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Richardet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Vallejos S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Wistuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred R.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, 2012","volume":"65","author":"Torre","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib2","series-title":"Evolution of Cancer Epidemiology. The State of Oncology","first-page":"19","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4797.1271","article-title":"A\u00a0study of the aetiology of carcinoma of the lung","volume":"2","author":"Doll","year":"1952","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib4","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Statistical association between smoking and cancer of the lung","volume":"13","author":"Sadowsky","year":"1953","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Smoking in relation to lung cancer: a follow up study","volume":"18","author":"Hammond","year":"1954","journal-title":"Conn State Med J"},{"issue":"11 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.48.11_Pt_1.1460","article-title":"The Association Between Smoking Habits and Death Rates","volume":"48","author":"Cuyler Hammond","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib7","series-title":"Monograph 83. Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib8","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. The Cancer Burden in Latin America. Available at: http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/aboutus\/globalhealth\/globalinitiativesbyregion\/latin-america. Accessed: March 24,\u00a02014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu206","article-title":"Trends in mortality from major cancer in the Americas: 1980-2010","volume":"25","author":"Chatenoud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib11","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Lung cancer in the Americas. Available at: www.paho.org\/hq\/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=22070&itemid=&lang=en. Accessed: March 24,\u00a02014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818020eb","article-title":"The international epidemiology of lung\u00a0cancer: geographical distribution and secular trends","volume":"3","author":"Youlden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0329","article-title":"Cancer incidence in first generation U.S. Hispanics: Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and new Latinos","volume":"18","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-008-9152-4","article-title":"Looking under the Hispanic umbrella: cancer mortality among Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and other Hispanics in Florida","volume":"11","author":"Martinez-Tyson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib15","series-title":"Cancer of the lung","author":"Spitz","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib16","unstructured":"INCa. Available at: http:\/\/www1.inca.gov.br\/inca\/Arquivos\/_INCA2011047_Sumario_executivo_RCBP_ingles_15.pdf. Accessed: April 7, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib17","unstructured":"[Gasto com cigarro compromete 38,7% da renda da classe \u2018C\u2019.] Available at: http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/mg\/grande-minas\/noticia\/2013\/06\/gasto-com-cigarro-compromete-387-da-renda-da-classe-c.html. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.55","article-title":"Access to cancer medications in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"10","author":"de Lima Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib19","series-title":"National cancer control programmes policies and managerial guidelines","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib20","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The 58th World Health Assembly adopts resolution on cancer prevention and control. 2005 [cited 2010 April 1]. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2005\/pr_wha05\/en\/index.html. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib21","series-title":"2008-2013 action plan for the global strategy for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: prevent and control cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn426","article-title":"Need for global action for cancer control","volume":"19","author":"Boyle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2007.03.002","article-title":"Admixture mapping as a tool in gene discovery","volume":"17","author":"Seldin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/504302","article-title":"Reconstructing genetic ancestry blocks in admixed individuals","volume":"79","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/426949","article-title":"Prospects for admixture mapping of complex traits","volume":"76","author":"McKeigue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000037","article-title":"Geographic patterns of genome admixture in Latin American Mestizos","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0447","article-title":"A\u00a0review of cancer in U.S. Hispanic populations","volume":"5","author":"Haile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib28","article-title":"KRAS mutation profile in colorectal cancer patients in Brazil: a cohort of 989 individuals","volume":"27","author":"Zalis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182582a93","article-title":"Clinical and pathological characteristics, outcome and mutational profiles regarding non-small-cell lung cancer related to wood-smoke exposure","volume":"7","author":"Arrieta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib30","first-page":"52","article-title":"Mutational status of EGFR exons 19 and 21 in lung adenocarcinoma: study in 122 Peruvian patients and review of the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib","volume":"1","author":"Mas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carcinos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000481","article-title":"Updated frequency of EGFR and KRAS mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer in Latin America: the Latin-American Consortium for the Investigation of Lung Cancer (CLICaP)","volume":"10","author":"Arrieta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"S","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib32","first-page":"P2.123","article-title":"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) genotyping in a Brazilian cohort","volume":"6","author":"Melo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thor Oncol"},{"issue":"S","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib33","first-page":"P.4.202","article-title":"Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGFR mutations in Chile","volume":"6","author":"Aren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thor Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq742","article-title":"Outcome of advanced NSCLC patients harboring sensitizing EGFR mutations randomized to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors or chemotherapy as first-line treatment: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Bria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib35","article-title":"Outcomes in Latin American NSCLC patients harboring wild-type or activating mutations of EGFR (CLICaP Registry)","volume":"30","author":"Cardona","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"Supp 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib36","first-page":"S232","article-title":"Genomic analysis of lung cancer tumors from hispanic patients","volume":"10","author":"Raez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thor Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib37","article-title":"Screening for mutations in Colombian metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (ONCOLGroup)","volume":"29","author":"Cardona","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70048-2","article-title":"Planning cancer control in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"14","author":"Goss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib39","unstructured":"Wilking N, J\u00f6nsson B. A pan-European comparison regarding patient access to cancer drugs. Available at: http:\/\/ki.se\/content\/1\/c4\/33\/52\/Cancer_Report.pdf. Accessed: October 14,\u00a02012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib40","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, et\u00a0al. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available at: http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed: February 10,\u00a02014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1353\/eco.2011.0002","article-title":"Recent trends in income inequality in Latin America","volume":"11","author":"Gasparini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Econom\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib42","unstructured":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud \u00c1rea de Tecnolog\u00eda, Atenci\u00f3n de la Salud e Investigaci\u00f3n Proyecto de Medicamentos Esenciales y Productos Biol\u00f3gicos (THR\/EM) El acceso a los medicamentos de alto costo en las Am\u00e9ricas: contexto, desaf\u00edos y perspectivas Washington, DC: OPS, \u00a9 2009 Serie T\u00e9cnica No. 1 Medicamentos esenciales, acceso, e innovaci\u00f3n ISBN 978-92-75-33038-8."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2692","article-title":"Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant lung cancer: distinct natural history of patients with tumors harboring the T790M mutation","volume":"17","author":"Oxnard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2013-0392","article-title":"A\u00a0new model for reimbursing genome-based cancer care","volume":"19","author":"Ramsey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1586\/era.12.119","article-title":"Management of advanced lung cancer in resource-constrained settings: a perspective from India","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70547-3","article-title":"Evidence-informed frameworks for cost-effective cancer care and prevention in low, middle, and high-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Chalkidou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq682","article-title":"An economic analysis of the INTEREST trial, a randomized trial of docetaxel versus gefitinib as second-\/third-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Horgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810699","article-title":"Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma","volume":"361","author":"Mok","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70184-X","article-title":"Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.2806","article-title":"Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations","volume":"31","author":"Sequist","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70393-X","article-title":"Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Rosell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.1186","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of EML4-ALK fusion testing and first-line crizotinib treatment for patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Djalalov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib53","unstructured":"Stubbed out: a bastion of tobacco addiction introduces a ban. Available at: http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/americas\/21574483-bastion-tobacco-addiction-introduces-ban-stubbed-out. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib54","unstructured":"Naurath N, Jones JM. Smoking rates around the world: how do Americans compare? Available at: http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/28432\/smoking-rates-around-world-how-americans-compare.aspx. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib55","unstructured":"Prevalence of tobacco consumption. Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prevalence_of_tobacco_consumption. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib56","unstructured":"Janz T. Current smoking trends. Available at: http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/82-624-x\/2012001\/article\/11676-eng.htm. Accessed: February 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003_bib57","unstructured":"Global Business Group on Health. Tobacco use and cessation: Mexico. Available\u00a0at: https:\/\/www.businessgrouphealth.org\/pub\/f3153d87-2354-d714-510c-692f26b6071c. Accessed: \u200bFebruary 2, 2016."}],"container-title":["Clinical Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525730416301085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525730416301085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:05:59Z","timestamp":1761505559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525730416301085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525730416301085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7304","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges in Facing the Lung Cancer Epidemic and Treating Advanced Disease in Latin America","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}