{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:23:15Z","timestamp":1787163795978,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinical-lung-cancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Lung Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T02:54:51Z","timestamp":1606877691000},"page":"92-99.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mutation Profile of Thymic Carcinoma and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumor by Targeted Next-generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Sakane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuma","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2626","article-title":"Sequencing technologies - the next generation","volume":"11","author":"Metzker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111693","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing and copy number variation detection using formalin fixed embedded tissue in metastatic gastric cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2017.01.011","article-title":"Guidelines for validation of next-generation sequencing-based oncology panels: a joint consensus recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology and College of American Pathologists","volume":"19","author":"Jennings","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13976","article-title":"Somatic alterations of TP53, ERBB2, PIK3CA and CCND1 are associated with chemosensitivity for breast cancers","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.11.005","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma in the target therapies era","volume":"39","author":"Lamarca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30062-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in patients with thymic carcinoma: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 study","volume":"19","author":"Giaccone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3016","article-title":"A\u00a0specific missense mutation in GTF2I occurs at high frequency in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"46","author":"Petrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07336","article-title":"Mutations of epigenetic regulatory genes are common in thymic carcinomas","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.003","article-title":"The integrated genomic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"33","author":"Radovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib10","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours of lung, pleura, thymus and heart","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6993","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24075","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays with four reliable antibodies in thymic carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Sakane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13936","article-title":"A\u00a0mutation analysis of the EGFR pathway genes, RAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, AKT1 and BRAF, and TP53 gene in thymic carcinoma and thymoma type A\/B3","volume":"75","author":"Sakane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib15","article-title":"OncoKB: a precision oncology knowledge base","volume":"1","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-016-0144-8","article-title":"Molecular profiling of thymoma and thymic carcinoma: genetic differences and potential novel therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Enkner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgx094","article-title":"The genomic and epigenomic landscape in thymic carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.08.020","article-title":"Genetic profiling of thymic carcinoma using targeted next-generation sequencing","volume":"86","author":"Shitara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000397","article-title":"Massively parallel sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in TP53 in thymic carcinoma associated with poor prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Moreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S108749","article-title":"Rare frequency of gene variation and survival analysis in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0782-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5548","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203957","article-title":"The protein tyrosine kinase family of the human genome","volume":"19","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6706","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1037763100","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a mouse model by targeted mutation of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase","volume":"100","author":"Sommer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200404000-00007","article-title":"c-kit and PDGFRA mutations in extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the soft tissue)","volume":"28","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5751","article-title":"Effect of KIT and PDGFRA mutations on survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with adjuvant imatinib: an exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Joensuu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.03.013","article-title":"Mutational status of EGFR and KIT in thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Yoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181e96e30","article-title":"Expression and mutational status of c-kit in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"5","author":"Petrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6790","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0644","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals clinically relevant molecular distinctions between thymic carcinomas and thymomas","volume":"15","author":"Girard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S291","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209b9","article-title":"Thymic tumors: relevant molecular data in the clinic","volume":"5","author":"Girard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.0487","article-title":"Thymic malignancies: from clinical management to targeted therapies","volume":"29","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200406173502523","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma with overexpression of mutated KIT and the response to imatinib","volume":"350","author":"Str\u00f6bel","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.6427","article-title":"Impressive response with imatinib in a heavily pretreated patient with metastatic c-KIT mutated thymic carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Buti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.2455","article-title":"Good clinical response to imatinib mesylate in atypical thymic carcinoid With KIT overexpression","volume":"29","author":"Hamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib34","first-page":"4057","article-title":"Expression and mutational status of PDGFR in thymic tumours","volume":"29","author":"Meister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010_bib35","first-page":"5105","article-title":"Sorafenib efficacy in thymic carcinomas seems not to require c-KIT or PDGFR-alpha mutations","volume":"34","author":"Pagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Lung Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525730420303430?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525730420303430?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:11:25Z","timestamp":1761505885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525730420303430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525730420303430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-7304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-7304","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mutation Profile of Thymic Carcinoma and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumor by Targeted Next-generation Sequencing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Lung Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}