{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:35:42Z","timestamp":1788273342789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005421","name":"Guilan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T07:51:43Z","timestamp":1587541903000},"page":"271-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vitamin D deficiency associated with reproductive factors in northern Iranian women: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Joukar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Naghipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil","family":"Hassanipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2784-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Fakhrieh Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Pourshams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Mansour-Ghanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-199407000-00008","article-title":"Vitamin D and renal calcium transport","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2012.03.013","article-title":"Vitamin D: extraskeletal health","volume":"38","author":"Holick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.04.013","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and its relationship to cancer stage in patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Sulibhavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.4188","article-title":"Association of serum level of vitamin D at diagnosis with breast cancer survival: a case-cohort analysis in the pathways study","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.04.005","article-title":"The D-Health Trial: a randomized trial of vitamin D for prevention of mortality and cancer","volume":"48","author":"Neale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2302","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Gulseth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.09.017","article-title":"Associations of vitamin D with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome","volume":"175","author":"Wimalawansa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7603\/s40681-016-0007-3","article-title":"Current concepts regarding developmental mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy in Taiwan","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.014","article-title":"Deletion of JNK2 prevents vitamin-D-deficiency-induced hypertension and atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"177","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-018-0094-4","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Kheiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2017.68237","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and non-lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular risk","volume":"13","author":"Faridi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci: AMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.04.002","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in normal adult population of Birjand, Iran","volume":"32","author":"Nakhaee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15029","article-title":"Severe vitamin D deficiency is a prognostic biomarker in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"49","author":"Ebadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2016.1151072","article-title":"Vitamin D and autoimmunity","volume":"45","author":"Rosen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170791","article-title":"Vitamin D and mortality: individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium","volume":"12","author":"Gaksch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib17","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Vitamin D and mortality","volume":"36","author":"Pilz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01414","article-title":"Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement from an international conference","volume":"104","author":"Giustina","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic?","volume":"103","author":"Cashman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1233577","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and predictors in a Norwegian outpatient population","volume":"52","author":"Frigstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib21","series-title":"Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey","author":"Petrenya","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.558S","article-title":"Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population","volume":"88","author":"Yetley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors","volume":"85","author":"Hypponen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib24","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Mithal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.12.040","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in female reproduction","volume":"455","author":"Shahrokhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2018.1431160","article-title":"The relationship between female reproductive functions and vitamin D","volume":"37","author":"Arslan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.09.007","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women of a sunny city in Northeast of Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Pereira-Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1169","article-title":"Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"346","author":"Aghajafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1137","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4161","article-title":"Vitamin D alters genes involved in follicular development and steroidogenesis in human cumulus granulosa cells","volume":"99","author":"Merhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000312","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ovarian reserve in pre-menopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Jukic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.4.621","article-title":"Parameters related to 25-OH-D levels in a population-based study of women","volume":"43","author":"Sowers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298554","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy increases serum 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D: a 2-year prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Van Hoof","year":"1994","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(02)00356-1","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and nutritional status in adolescent British girls","volume":"22","author":"Thane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr Res (NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.187","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"76","author":"Nesby-O'Dell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600570623","article-title":"Vitamin D and its binding protein Gc: long-term variability in peri-and postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy","volume":"66","author":"Rejnmark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx314","article-title":"Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (the Persian Cohort Study): rationale, objectives, and design","volume":"187","author":"Poustchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib38","article-title":"The Persian guilan cohort study (PGCS)","volume":"22","author":"Mansour-Ghanaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib39","first-page":"691","article-title":"The Persian cohort: providing the evidence needed for healthcare reform","volume":"20","author":"Eghtesad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib40","first-page":"125","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib41","first-page":"209","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among female students in secondary guidance school in Yazd City","author":"Shakiba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0461-5","article-title":"Age and gender differences in the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"13","author":"AlQuaiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of osteoporosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6657-9","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in northern Taiwan: a community-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04320.x","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its determinants in Australian adults aged 25 years and older: a national, population-based study","volume":"77","author":"Daly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0980","article-title":"Factors influencing vitamin D status","volume":"91","author":"Tsiaras","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1658-6","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Tunisia","volume":"16","author":"Meddeb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-13-33","article-title":"Determinants of serum levels of vitamin D: a study of life-style, menopausal status, dietary intake, serum calcium, and PTH","volume":"13","author":"Shirazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Wom Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0441","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in women of reproductive age living in northern latitude","volume":"163","author":"Gagnon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240545772030067X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240545772030067X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:56:34Z","timestamp":1762498594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240545772030067X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S240545772030067X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D deficiency associated with reproductive factors in northern Iranian women: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.03.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}