{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:02:20Z","timestamp":1791385340287,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T20:19:33Z","timestamp":1718223573000},"page":"2-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of Silybum marianum, Pueraria lobate, combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza tablets on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Bang-yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-hong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1658-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01033-w","article-title":"LY6D is crucial for lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2023.04.010","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma:Insights in epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, prevention and therapy","volume":"93","author":"Polyzos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00800-4","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa106","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive systematic review of the effects of naringenin, a citrus-derived flavonoid, on risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Naeini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21791","article-title":"Systematic review of pharmacokinetics and potential pharmacokinetic interactions of flavonolignans from silymarin","volume":"41","author":"Tvrd\u00fd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.06.031","article-title":"Prebiotic-like cyclodextrin assisted silybin on NAFLD through restoring liver and gut homeostasis","volume":"348","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Contr Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175695","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of puerarin against cerebral diseases: from bench to bedside","volume":"953","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01125-3","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates retinal deficits in an early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model through downregulating BACE1 and A\u03b2 generation","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154768","article-title":"Therapeutic application of natural products: NAD(+) metabolism as potential target","volume":"114","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6908","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2026709","article-title":"Gomisin J attenuates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inducing anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in rats","volume":"13","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib12","first-page":"3118","article-title":"Effect of silymarin plus vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A randomized clinical pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Aller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.6099","article-title":"Effects of metformin, pioglitazone, and silymarin treatment on non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Hajiaghamohammadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07210-6","article-title":"Efficacy of silymarin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - the Siliver trial: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"de Avelar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib15","first-page":"9","article-title":"Silymarin in treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Solhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.07.033","article-title":"Compatibility art of traditional Chinese medicine: from the perspective of herb pairs","volume":"143","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.022","article-title":"Investigating herb-herb interactions: the potential attenuated toxicity mechanism of the combined use of Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (Gancao) and Sophorae flavescentis radix (Kushen)","volume":"165","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27647","article-title":"Ezetimibe for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: assessment by novel magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography in a randomized trial (MOZART trial)","volume":"61","author":"Loomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.07.011","article-title":"The pursuit of balance: an overview of covariate-adaptive randomization techniques in clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1678-1","article-title":"Higher serum carotenoids associated with improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a prospective study","volume":"58","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib21","first-page":"240","article-title":"Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency Questionnaire among Chinese women in Guangdong province","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib22","unstructured":"Yang YX, Wang YG, Pan XC. China food composition table. 2009.Medical PressPeking University Beijing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480120044138","article-title":"Assessment of total energy expenditure in a Chinese population by a physical activity questionnaire: examination of validity","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib24","article-title":"Association between daidzein intake and metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2018","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212846","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of attenuation to stage liver steatosis with MRI proton density fat fraction as reference: a prospective comparison of three us machines","volume":"305","author":"Cassinotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.1262","article-title":"Quantitative ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction as the reference standard","volume":"22","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.051","article-title":"Therapeutic landscape for NAFLD in 2020","volume":"158","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6171","article-title":"Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): a concise overview on its chemistry, pharmacological, and nutraceutical uses in liver diseases","volume":"32","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170404142450","article-title":"Hepatic AMP kinase as a potential target for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from studies of natural products","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.560905","article-title":"Activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway contributes to protective effects of Salvianolic acid A against lipotoxicity in hepatocytes and NAFLD in mice","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109721","article-title":"Silybin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and modulates global metabolism in an NAFLD mouse model","volume":"123","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.06.030","article-title":"Silibinin Capsules improves high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters through modifying hepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation","volume":"208","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib33","first-page":"401","article-title":"Silybin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in methionine-choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1","volume":"19","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.008","article-title":"Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Loguercio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.04.016","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of silymarin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Wah Kheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.12.010","article-title":"Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Ebrahimpour Koujan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03896.x","article-title":"Metabolic and histological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with different serum alanine aminotransferase levels","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2098-3","article-title":"The spontaneous course of liver enzymes and its correlation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"57","author":"Charatcharoenwitthaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700602R","article-title":"Silybin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly through the NAD(+)\/SIRT2 pathway in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe2933","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of NLRP3 deubiquitination for treatment of NLRP3-associated inflammatory diseases","volume":"6","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010175","article-title":"Puerarin attenuates obesity-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia by regulating macrophages and TNF-alpha in obese mice","volume":"10","author":"Noh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16013","article-title":"Inhibition of HMGB1 release via salvianolic acid B-mediated SIRT1 up-regulation protects rats against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib43","series-title":"Global statusreport on alcohol and health 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.006","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111121","article-title":"Puerariae Lobatae radix flavonoids and puerarin alleviate alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish by regulating alcohol and lipid metabolism","volume":"134","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-5-36","article-title":"Preventive effects of Flos Perariae (Gehua) water extract and its active ingredient puerarin in rodent alcoholism models","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457724001499?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457724001499?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T22:42:11Z","timestamp":1737326531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457724001499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S2405457724001499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Silybum marianum, Pueraria lobate, combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza tablets on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}