{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:31:56Z","timestamp":1782459116251,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T04:54:14Z","timestamp":1719896054000},"page":"267-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vitamin D deficiency stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6373-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Miwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Hanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Sahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Unome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Shirakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117000349","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: using vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in future fortification strategies","volume":"76","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0736","article-title":"Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society","volume":"180","author":"Lips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31699","article-title":"Vitamin D-liver disease association: biological basis and mechanisms of action","volume":"74","author":"Triantos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13485","article-title":"Relationship between serum vitamin D level and sarcopenia in chronic liver disease","volume":"50","author":"Okubo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2019.03.001","article-title":"The value of severe vitamin D deficiency in predicting the mortality risk of patients with liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.024","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on nutrition in chronic liver disease","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the European association for the study of the liver","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000603","article-title":"Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an ISHEN consensus","volume":"115","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.001","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"77","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13601","article-title":"Zinc deficiency predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"51","author":"Miwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01788-x","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2020","volume":"56","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13678","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2020","volume":"51","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","article-title":"Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices","volume":"60","author":"Pugh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172","article-title":"A\u00a0model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Kamath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.9151","article-title":"Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach-the ALBI grade","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13892","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma: the Japan Society of Hepatology 2021 version (5th JSH-HCC Guidelines)","volume":"53","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12864","article-title":"Updating the neuropsychological test system in Japan for the elderly and in a modern touch screen tablet society by resetting the cut-off values","volume":"47","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277829","article-title":"A\u00a0simple covert hepatic encephalopathy screening model based on blood biochemical parameters in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Miwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13045","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in Japanese patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a phase II\/III, multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded, active-controlled trial and a phase III, multicenter, open trial","volume":"48","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12895","article-title":"Five myths about variable selection","volume":"30","author":"Heinze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v9.i10.510","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Vidot","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02042-2","article-title":"Associated vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the complication of HCV-related liver cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"14","author":"Yousif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1084_19","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in patients with chronic liver disease and its correlation with hepatic encephalopathy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6669527","article-title":"Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) and hepatic encephalopathy in HCV-related liver cirrhosis","volume":"2021","author":"Afifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30338-7","article-title":"Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Scarmeas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3207-2","article-title":"Vitamin D and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid have a synergistic effect on hepatic stellate cells proliferation","volume":"59","author":"Neeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.09.004","article-title":"p62\/SQSTM1 by binding to vitamin D receptor inhibits hepatic stellate cell activity, fibrosis, and liver cancer","volume":"30","author":"Duran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307024","article-title":"Vitamin D counteracts fibrogenic TGF-\u03b2 signalling in human hepatic stellate cells both receptor-dependently and independently","volume":"64","author":"Beilfuss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30937","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor activation in liver macrophages ameliorates hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"71","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203273","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D promotes negative feedback regulation of TLR signaling via targeting microRNA-155-SOCS1 in macrophages","volume":"190","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.01.015","article-title":"Vitamin D3 alters microglia immune activation by an IL-10 dependent SOCS3 mechanism","volume":"292","author":"Boontanrart","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib33","article-title":"The neurogliovascular unit in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"3","author":"Claeys","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061874","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle volume and strength in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis undergoing branched chain amino acids supplementation: a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot trial","volume":"13","author":"Okubo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055_bib35","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults","volume":"8","author":"Bjelakovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457724002018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457724002018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T03:43:59Z","timestamp":1737344639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457724002018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S2405457724002018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D deficiency stratifies the risk of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2024.06.055","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}