{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:38:47Z","timestamp":1793727527137,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T21:27:43Z","timestamp":1752614863000},"page":"207-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of weight gain rate in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on maternal and neonatal health: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisile","family":"Kakongoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib1","article-title":"Relationship between gestational weight gain and pregnancy complications or delivery outcome","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140376","article-title":"Early gestational weight gain rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korean women","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01254.x","article-title":"The bias in current measures of gestational weight gain","volume":"26","author":"Hutcheon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib4","series-title":"Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib5","series-title":"Weight monitoring and evaluation during pregnancy period of Chinese women","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182289f42","article-title":"Effect of second-trimester and third-trimester rate of gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"118","author":"Durie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2015.06.010","article-title":"Gestational weight gain and risks for adverse perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study based on the 2009 institute of medicine guidelines","volume":"54","author":"Hung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04762-4","article-title":"Weight gain rate in the second and third trimesters and fetal growth in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04433-4","article-title":"Gestational weight gain rates in the first and second trimesters are associated with small for gestational age among underweight women: a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.011","article-title":"Mediating effects of maternal blood triglycerides on the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index and fetal macrosomia","volume":"226","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib11","first-page":"161","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(2015)","volume":"19","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib12","first-page":"23","article-title":"Interpretation of the main points of the Canadian association of obstetricians and gynaecologists' guidelines for gestational diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecoogy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib13","first-page":"505","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.11.002","article-title":"Society for maternal-fetal medicine consult series #53: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: replaces consult #13, April 2011","volume":"224","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.430","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: liver disease and pregnancy","volume":"111","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib16","series-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology","author":"Xie","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3820","article-title":"Association of gestational weight gain with adverse maternal and infant outcomes","volume":"321","author":"Voerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029617","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic heterogeneity of obesity: clinical challenges and implications for management","volume":"137","author":"Neeland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0700-2","article-title":"Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of caesarean birth in Malawi","volume":"16","author":"Nkoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661","article-title":"Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts","volume":"126","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib22","first-page":"941","article-title":"Associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index,gestational weight gain with blood pressure in pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Fam Plan"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666181114125109","article-title":"Insulin therapy in pregnancy hypertensive diseases and its effect on the offspring and mother later in life","volume":"17","author":"Mate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00469.2019","article-title":"Maternal microbiome and the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preeclampsia","volume":"318","author":"Beckers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5581570","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension) and metabolic disorder of pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus)","volume":"2021","author":"Phoswa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12225","article-title":"Assessment of serum \u03b2-hCG and lipid profile in early second trimester as predictors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"138","author":"Revankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2020.03.001","article-title":"Weight gain in early, mid, and late pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Dude","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib28","first-page":"1493","article-title":"[study on weight gain in different stages of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes]","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04467-8","article-title":"Examining the effects of second-and third-trimester gestational weight gain rates on the perinatal outcomes among Chinese twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04762-4","article-title":"Weight gain rate in the second and third trimesters and fetal growth in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03071-y","article-title":"Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on maternal and infant complications","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00369","article-title":"Human serum albumin and oxidative stress in preeclamptic women and the mechanism of albumin for stress reduction","volume":"3","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000629","article-title":"Patterns of gestational weight gain in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"MacDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib34","first-page":"745","article-title":"Analysis of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Shanghai","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib35","first-page":"957","article-title":"Glucose metabolism and risk factor analysis for hypertensive patients with non-alcohlic fatty liver disease:a clinical study","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib36","first-page":"2101","article-title":"Correlation of aminotransfarese level with glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and body mass index in patients with fatty liver","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Lab Diagnosis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib37","first-page":"2601","article-title":"Relationship betwwen serum alanine aminotransferase and metabolic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Huo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese General Practice"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib38","first-page":"4669","article-title":"Correlation of serum uric acid, body mass index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in different genders in Yanbian area","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gerontology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib39","first-page":"2848","article-title":"Effect of prepregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome","volume":"32","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Care of China"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib40","first-page":"1106","article-title":"The correlation of BMI of women before and during pregnancy with the glucose and lipid metabolism of women at later pregnant stage and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Fam Plan"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib41","first-page":"38","article-title":"Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Reproductivec Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib42","first-page":"423","article-title":"Association between the rates of maternal weight gain in different pregnancy periods and the pregnancy outcomes of 421 pregnant women in Shenzhen City,2013","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hyg Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib43","first-page":"842","article-title":"Gestational weight gain rate in third trimester relates to maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12061","article-title":"Excess nutrient supply in early life and its later metabolic consequences","volume":"40","author":"Ojha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01441-7","article-title":"Gestational weight gain during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes, results from a prospective pregnancy cohort in urban Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib46","first-page":"58","article-title":"The influence of integrated management during pregnancy on delivery way and maternal and neonatal outcomes","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Family Planning & Gynecotokology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35017-4","article-title":"Preeclampsia: should plasma albumin level be a criterion for severity?","volume":"33","author":"Benoit","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.019","article-title":"First and second trimester gestational weight gains are most strongly associated with cord blood levels of hormones at delivery important for glycemic control and somatic growth","volume":"69","author":"Rifas-Shiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30107-3","article-title":"Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring","volume":"5","author":"Godfrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30193-7","article-title":"Association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and preterm birth according to maternal age and race or ethnicity: a population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1128-1","article-title":"Gestational weight gain across continents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women","volume":"16","author":"Goldstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.12.004","article-title":"The determinant role of IL-6 in the establishment of inflammation leading to spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"59","author":"Prairie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004_bib53","first-page":"344","article-title":"Influencing factors of preterm birth and its epidemiological research progress","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725017541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725017541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:52:42Z","timestamp":1779234762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457725017541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S2405457725017541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of weight gain rate in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on maternal and neonatal health: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.07.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}