{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:34:26Z","timestamp":1792859666905,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TA-2205-39486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA-2205-39486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T23:35:33Z","timestamp":1757115333000},"page":"802-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring the screening methods, prevalence, and risk factors of malnutrition in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Titcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Shemirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Snetselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"391","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1810","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200150","article-title":"The economic burden of multiple sclerosis in the United States: estimate of direct and indirect costs","volume":"98","author":"Bebo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"The nutritional status of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to that of healthy people: a Turkish hospital-based study","author":"Atuk Kahraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101850","article-title":"Trends and predictions of malnutrition and obesity in 204 countries and territories: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"57","author":"Chong","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01451-3","article-title":"Management of disease-related malnutrition for patients being treated in hospital","volume":"398","author":"Schuetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519886943","article-title":"The temporal and causal relationship between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Milo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.09.003","article-title":"ESPEN guideline clinical nutrition in neurology","volume":"37","author":"Burgos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2020.1720646","article-title":"Polypharmacy among patients with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Frahm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.01.006","article-title":"Prevalence of dysphagia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Mirmosayyeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103471","article-title":"Sarcopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Yuksel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1597182","article-title":"Social capital components and social support of persons with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2018","volume":"42","author":"Koutsogeorgou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib14","first-page":"80","article-title":"Food insecurity in patients with multiple sclerosis and its association with anthropometric measurements","volume":"2","author":"Mazloom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib15","first-page":"340","article-title":"Nutritional profile of multiple sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Redondo Robles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib16","first-page":"42","article-title":"Prevalencia de desnutrici\u00f3n en afectados de esclerosis m\u00faltiple que reciben tratamiento rehabilitador en los hospitales de d\u00eda de la Fundaci\u00f3 Esclerosi M\u00faltiple","volume":"38","author":"Zabay Neiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Cient Soc Esp Enferm Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2019.09.010","article-title":"Adult malnutrition (undernutrition) screening: an evidence analysis center systematic review","volume":"120","author":"Skipper","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib18","series-title":"Manual for evidence synthesis","article-title":"Chapter 11: scoping reviews","author":"Peters","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib20","first-page":"916","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: the impact of dietary habits, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics","volume":"13","author":"Metaxouli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional disability, its relationship to eating habits, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical features of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Metaxouli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s42506-021-00080-3","article-title":"Nutritional status of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients attending kasr alainy MS unit: an exploratory cross-sectional study","volume":"96","author":"Afifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib23","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of malnutrition in critically ill patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"205","author":"Anwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib24","first-page":"343","article-title":"Prevalence of poor nutrition status in multiple sclerosis patients assessed by different diagnostic tools","volume":"70","author":"Mogilko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.12.024","article-title":"Is malnutrition a problem for multiple sclerosis patients?","volume":"21","author":"Sorgun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15286","article-title":"Nutritional status in patients with advanced-stage multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050431","article-title":"Dysphagia and nutritional status in multiple sclerosis","volume":"246","author":"Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10588","article-title":"The use of visceral proteins as nutrition markers: an ASPEN position paper","volume":"36","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-01013-y","article-title":"Impact of nutrition counseling on anthropometry and dietary intake of multiple sclerosis patients at kasr alainy multiple sclerosis unit, Cairo, Egypt 2019-2020: randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"81","author":"Afifi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-018-0112-1","article-title":"European and American guidelines for multiple sclerosis treatment","volume":"7","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201565","article-title":"The role of diet in multiple sclerosis: food for thought","volume":"100","author":"Spain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1068358","article-title":"Opinion: the role of the registered dietitian nutritionist in multiple sclerosis care in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Titcomb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1347478","article-title":"Editorial: diet and multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Titcomb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2021-052","article-title":"Desired resources for changing diet among persons with multiple sclerosis: qualitative inquiry informing future dietary interventions","volume":"24","author":"Silveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-03-2022-0262","article-title":"Interpretations of healthy eating after a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a secondary qualitative analysis","volume":"125","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br Food J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2021-051","article-title":"Facilitators of and barriers to adherence to dietary interventions perceived by women with multiple sclerosis and their support persons","volume":"24","author":"Dean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13226","article-title":"Navigating dietary advice for multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Russell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268988","article-title":"Experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis with lifestyle adjustment-A qualitative interview study","volume":"17","author":"Elkhalii-Wilhelm","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725029225?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725029225?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:53:37Z","timestamp":1779234817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457725029225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2405457725029225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring the screening methods, prevalence, and risk factors of malnutrition in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}