{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:18:07Z","timestamp":1777364287277,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T01:51:19Z","timestamp":1758073879000},"page":"50-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of L-carnitine supplementation on post-transplant outcomes in liver transplant candidates with sarcopenia: A randomized controlled open-label trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Marwa Abd","family":"El-Razek Salama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahed A.","family":"Makhlouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2024.08.022","article-title":"Impact of sarcopenia on post-liver transplant hospitalization: insights from a South Asian cohort","volume":"56","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-020-00515-z","article-title":"Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: an update","volume":"19","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-26711-6.00032-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia, frailty, and its implications in cirrhosis","volume":"2","author":"Ilyas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003222","article-title":"Cystatin C and sarcopenia predict acute on chronic liver failure development and mortality in patients on the liver transplant waiting list","volume":"104","author":"Mauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.031","article-title":"Current treatment strategies and future possibilities for sarcopenia in cirrhosis","volume":"78","author":"Ebadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082178","article-title":"The importance of the fatty acid transporter L-carnitine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"12","author":"Savic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2020.1833916","article-title":"Effects of Momordica charantia L on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Pahlavani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2022.102179","article-title":"Effect of a diet based on Iranian traditional medicine on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Hajibeygi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib9","first-page":"75","article-title":"The effect of vitamin C and Zn supplementation on the immune system and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients","volume":"44","author":"Hadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Open Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.04.001","article-title":"The effects of l-Carnitine supplementation on inflammatory markers, clinical status, and 28 days mortality in critically ill patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Yahyapoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2386","article-title":"Survival benefit of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Miwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2021.338","article-title":"Effect of L-carnitine on quality of life in covert hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib13","first-page":"1002","article-title":"L-Carnitine administration to cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia improves nutritional state including controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score","volume":"1","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.272537","article-title":"Effects of pre-transplant L-carnitine supplementation on primary graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Khajeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib15","first-page":"335","article-title":"Nutritional optimization in liver transplant patients: from the pre-transplant setting to post-transplant outcome","volume":"86","author":"Trovato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"371","author":"Schuppan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001","article-title":"Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Sandrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70153-0","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumors of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Prado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","article-title":"Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices","volume":"60","author":"Pugh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers","volume":"124","author":"Wiesner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib21","first-page":"107","article-title":"Prediction of total body skeletal 366 muscle mass from fat-free mass or intra-cellular water","volume":"2","author":"Deurenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Body Compos Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342110-00002","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine","volume":"42","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S-999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(13)63709-9","article-title":"Su1693 the clinical benefit of L-Carnitine supplement on muscle cramp and peripheral blood cell abnormality in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Tsuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071915","article-title":"Usefulness of carnitine supplementation for the complications of liver cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Hanai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1320.003","article-title":"Kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and regulation of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine metabolism","volume":"1033","author":"Rebouche","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2020.1372","article-title":"Effect of L-carnitine on health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v32i1.5082","article-title":"Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib28","series-title":"Referenced in: when to take L-carnitine: dosage, forms, and side effects","article-title":"Clinical recommendations for L-carnitine supplementation timing and dosing","author":"Tallent","year":"2025"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1207","article-title":"L-carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"2","author":"Ohara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1309","article-title":"Levocarnitine use is associated with improvement in sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib31","first-page":"323","article-title":"Sarcopenia in end-stage liver disease and after liver transplantation","volume":"86","author":"Leunis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.11.015","article-title":"Nutraceuticals for the treatment of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Hey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071053","article-title":"Impact of l-Carnitine supplementation on liver enzyme normalization in patients with chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"12","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib34","first-page":"283","article-title":"The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on liver function, folate and vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Journal of nutrition and food security","volume":"8","author":"Talenezhad","year":"2023","journal-title":"JNFS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03348H","article-title":"l-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in Obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Fallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090867","article-title":"Regulatory functions of L-Carnitine, acetyl, and propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS mouse model: focus on antioxidant\/antiglycative molecular pathways in the ovarian microenvironment","volume":"9","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO02930H","article-title":"Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glucolipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061359","article-title":"Liver lipidomics analysis revealed the novel ameliorative mechanisms of L-Carnitine on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.25004\/IJPSDR.2024.160325","article-title":"A comprehensive review on L-carnitine: a promising nutraceutical","volume":"16","author":"Gunjal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pharmaceut Sci Drug Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-025-10845-z","article-title":"Impact of myosteatosis on outcomes after liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i8.956","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical impact of sarcopenia in liver transplant recipients: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"W World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008_bib42","series-title":"The incidence of sarcopenia is low among Israeli liver transplantation patients and associated with lower survival estimates","author":"Milgrom","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725029316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457725029316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T08:38:16Z","timestamp":1764405496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457725029316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2405457725029316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of L-carnitine supplementation on post-transplant outcomes in liver transplant candidates with sarcopenia: A randomized controlled open-label trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}