{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1791994011671,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"ANR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1781137157000},"page":"103390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pregnancy and iron: Bridging metabolic demands and supplementation needs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bedran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Manceau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helyett","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Deleschaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Beaufr\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Ben M\u2019Barek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katell","family":"Peoc'h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2017.06.015","article-title":"Iron metabolism: state of the art","volume":"24","author":"Daher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol J Soc Francaise Transfus Sang"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(02)00307-1","article-title":"Metal transporters and disease","volume":"6","author":"Andrews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.06.021","article-title":"Iron metabolism and toxicity","volume":"202","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.01.005","article-title":"Recent advances in Mammalian haem transport","volume":"31","author":"Latunde-Dada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9395","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169395","article-title":"Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in physiological and pathological pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e548","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30078-0","article-title":"Risk of maternal mortality in women with severe anaemia during pregnancy and post partum: a multilevel analysis","volume":"6","author":"Daru","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"2S Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.443S","article-title":"Anemia, iron and pregnancy outcome","volume":"130","author":"Scholl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00432.x","article-title":"Long-term brain and behavioral consequences of early iron deficiency","volume":"69","author":"Georgieff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2309","article-title":"Association of prenatal maternal anemia with neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"76","author":"Wiegersma","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004477","article-title":"Anemia in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 233","volume":"138","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp025","article-title":"Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period","volume":"16","author":"Cetin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw009","article-title":"The placenta: the forgotten essential organ of iron transport","volume":"74","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.15196","article-title":"Screening and supplementation for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"332","author":"Nicholson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-006-0108-2","article-title":"Iron and pregnancy--a delicate balance","volume":"85","author":"Milman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155812","article-title":"Iron homeostasis during pregnancy","volume":"106","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17612","article-title":"Maternal gestational iron status and infant haematological and neurodevelopmental outcomes","volume":"130","author":"Georgieff","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.002","article-title":"Mechanism and regulation of iron absorption throughout the life cycle","volume":"77","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.12.018","article-title":"Fetal and placental regulation of placental iron trafficking","volume":"125","author":"Maternal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4254","article-title":"Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for iron","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib22","article-title":"Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane pregnancy and childbirth group","volume":"2015","author":"Pe\u00f1a-Rosas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-025-00671-y","article-title":"Plant-based diet and risk of iron-deficiency anemia. A review of the current evidence and implications for preventive strategies","volume":"14","author":"L\u00f3pez-Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib24","series-title":"WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in populations","first-page":"1","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13870","article-title":"The incidence, complications and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy","volume":"109","author":"Benson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1280s","article-title":"Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome","volume":"71","author":"Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12740","article-title":"Good clinical practice advice: iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy","volume":"144","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16221","article-title":"UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy","volume":"188","author":"Pavord","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000496966","article-title":"Safety of oral and intravenous iron","volume":"142","author":"DeLoughery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1065715","article-title":"Which nutritional prognosis is better? Comparison of the three most commonly performed bariatric surgeries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610802628528","article-title":"The effectiveness of discontinuing iron-containing prenatal multivitamins on reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Gill","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.01.037","article-title":"Single-dose intravenous iron vs oral iron for treatment of maternal iron deficiency anemia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"233","author":"Derman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib34","article-title":"Effect and safety of intravenous iron compared to oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy","volume":"2024","author":"Nicholson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(25)00038-9","article-title":"Management of iron deficiency in children, adults, and pregnant individuals: evidence-based and expert consensus recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Benson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27220","article-title":"Expert consensus guidelines: intravenous iron uses, formulations, administration, and management of reactions","volume":"99","author":"Van Doren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5759740","article-title":"Ferric carboxymaltose in the management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: a subgroup analysis of a multicenter real-world study involving 1191 pregnant women","volume":"2022","author":"Trivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Int"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153214","article-title":"Neglected comorbidity of chronic heart failure: iron deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Manceau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03450-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of anemia in pregnant women: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Karami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib40","series-title":"WHO global anaemia estimates: key findings","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325","article-title":"A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010","volume":"123","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05481-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: a review","volume":"103","author":"Kirthan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"10021","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"387","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16602","article-title":"Iron optimisation in pregnancy: a Haematology in Obstetric and Women's Health collaborative consensus statement","volume":"55","author":"Clarke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"10270","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","article-title":"Iron deficiency","volume":"397","author":"Pasricha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.03.006","article-title":"Iron deficiency in pregnancy","volume":"223","author":"Georgieff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2018.1427725","article-title":"Anaemia and depletion of iron stores as risk factors for postpartum depression: a literature review","volume":"40","author":"Wassef","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12710-2","article-title":"Effect of postpartum anaemia on maternal health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Moya","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-016-9952-2","article-title":"Iron uptake and transport across physiological barriers","volume":"29","author":"Duck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70529","article-title":"FIGO good practice recommendations on anemia in pregnancy, to reduce the incidence and impact of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)","volume":"171","author":"Ubom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13583","article-title":"Postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"150","author":"Schoretsanitis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21942-x","article-title":"Is an improvement in anaemia and iron levels associated with the risk of early postpartum depression? A cohort study from Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Babah","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib53","first-page":"2679","article-title":"The relationship between maternal anemia during pregnancy with preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Rahmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med Off J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050601","article-title":"Maternal anemia and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000006183","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes associated with anemia in the first trimester and anemia resolution by late pregnancy","volume":"147","author":"Booman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib56","article-title":"Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy","volume":"2024","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14961","article-title":"Association between maternal haemoglobin and stillbirth: a cohort study among a multi-ethnic population in England","volume":"179","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14112","article-title":"Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1450","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003557","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with anemia in pregnancy","volume":"134","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2022.09.001","article-title":"Patient blood management programs for post-partum hemorrhage","volume":"36","author":"Delgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100864","article-title":"Iron in infection and immunity","author":"Nairz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Aspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311907","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum anemia after cesarean delivery in public hospitals of Awi zone, North West Ethiopia, 2023; a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Habtamu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072221","article-title":"Maternal iron status in pregnancy and child health outcomes after birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Quezada-Pinedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib64","first-page":"1815","article-title":"Prenatal iron overload induces hepatic oxidative stress and ferroptosis in offspring mice","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biometals Int J Role Met Ions Biol Biochem Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.26344","article-title":"Iron overload-induced ferroptosis drives placental dysfunction in preeclampsia","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1700S","article-title":"Iron and oxidative stress in pregnancy","volume":"133","author":"Casanueva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01325.x","article-title":"A randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of iron supplementation on pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with haemoglobin > or = 13.2 g\/dl","volume":"114","author":"Ziaei","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.248","article-title":"Association of oral iron supplementation with birth outcomes in non-anaemic South Indian pregnant women","volume":"69","author":"Shastri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib69","article-title":"Iron metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies and fetal consequences","volume":"12","author":"C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115141","article-title":"Materno-fetal iron transfer and the emerging role of ferroptosis pathways","volume":"202","author":"Zaugg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib71","article-title":"The critical role of ferritinophagy in human disease","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040114","article-title":"The role of NCOA4-Mediated ferritinophagy in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Santana-Codina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00550.x","article-title":"Pregnancy and iron homeostasis: an update","volume":"71","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17303","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.721936","article-title":"Iron export through the transporter ferroportin 1 is modulated by the iron chaperone PCBP2","volume":"291","author":"Yanatori","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90519","article-title":"PCBP1 and NCOA4 regulate erythroid iron storage and heme biosynthesis","volume":"127","author":"Ryu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.001","article-title":"Placental iron transport: the mechanism and regulatory circuits","volume":"133","author":"Sangkhae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07032-6","article-title":"Molecular insights into placental iron transfer mechanisms and maternofetal regulation","volume":"309","author":"Santhakumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.034","article-title":"Iron metabolism: current facts and future directions","volume":"22","author":"Tandara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06216.x","article-title":"Localisation of proteins of iron metabolism in the human placenta and liver","volume":"134","author":"Bastin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.01.003","article-title":"The iron exporter ferroportin\/Slc40a1 is essential for iron homeostasis","volume":"1","author":"Donovan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib81","first-page":"3079","article-title":"The iron exporter ferroportin 1 is essential for development of the mouse embryo, forebrain patterning and neural tube closure","volume":"137","author":"Mao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Camb Engl"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01342","article-title":"Dysregulation of ferroportin 1 interferes with spleen organogenesis in polycythaemia mice","volume":"131","author":"Mok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098792","article-title":"The multicopper ferroxidase hephaestin enhances intestinal iron absorption in mice","volume":"9","author":"Fuqua","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1978.tb03663.x","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia in newborn sla mice: a genetic defect of placental iron transport","volume":"40","author":"Kingston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405146101","article-title":"Disruption of ceruloplasmin and hephaestin in mice causes retinal iron overload and retinal degeneration with features of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Hahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.28.1_supplement.995.2","article-title":"The role of multicopper ferroxidases in Mammalian iron homeostasis (995.2)","volume":"28","author":"Fuqua","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00585","article-title":"Perinatal iron deficiency and neurocognitive development","volume":"7","author":"Radlowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156075","article-title":"U-shaped curve for risk associated with maternal hemoglobin, iron status, or iron supplementation","volume":"106","author":"Dewey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(01)00068-3","article-title":"Iron metabolism, free radicals, and oxidative injury","volume":"55","author":"Emerit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother Biomedecine Pharmacother"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4908","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144908","article-title":"Ferroptosis in liver diseases: an overview","volume":"21","author":"Capelletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2017.05.019","article-title":"Ferroptosis: role of lipid peroxidation, iron and ferritinophagy","volume":"1861","author":"Latunde-Dada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta BBA - Gen Subj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24333-z","article-title":"Iron-dependent apoptosis causes embryotoxicity in inflamed and obese pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2013","article-title":"Systemic iron homeostasis","volume":"93","author":"Ganz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.07.014","article-title":"Non-transferrin bound iron: a key role in iron overload and iron toxicity","volume":"1820","author":"Brissot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta BBA - Gen Subj"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7576-2","article-title":"Hemochromatosis: a model of metal-related human toxicosis","volume":"25","author":"Brissot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01564-3","article-title":"Ferroptosis: principles and significance in health and disease","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133283","article-title":"The impact of iron overload and ferroptosis on reproductive disorders in humans: implications for Preeclampsia","volume":"20","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010","article-title":"Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.027","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: the role of GSH and GPx4","volume":"152","author":"Ursini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802","article-title":"The international Federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on preeclampsia (PE): a pragmatic guide for first trimester screening and prevention","volume":"145","author":"Poon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"9542","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69380-X","article-title":"Lancet maternal survival series steering group. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why","volume":"368","author":"Ronsmans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.03.005","article-title":"Increased serum iron in preeclamptic women is likely due to low hepcidin levels","volume":"53","author":"Brunacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Res N Y N"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2018.1450368","article-title":"Increased serum iron levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib106","first-page":"636","article-title":"Increased hepcidin levels in preeclampsia: a protective mechanism against iron overload mediated oxidative stress? J matern-fetal neonatal med off","volume":"35","author":"Shaji Geetha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04423-6","article-title":"Expression profiles and functions of ferroptosis-related genes in the placental tissue samples of early- and late-onset preeclampsia patients","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00368-3","article-title":"Plasma malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, sE-selectin, fibronectin, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels in women with preeclampsia","volume":"113","author":"Aydin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2015.1081226","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress from early pregnancy in women who develop preeclampsia","volume":"38","author":"D'Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib110","article-title":"miR-30-5p-mediated ferroptosis of trophoblasts is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02443-x","article-title":"Novel insights into the SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis signaling pathways in preeclampsia patients: identifying pannexin 1 and toll-like receptor 4 as innovative prospective diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"39","author":"El-Khalik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0135","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to maternal dietary heme iron and nonheme iron intake","volume":"34","author":"Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0134","article-title":"A prospective study of prepregnancy dietary iron intake and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Bowers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7311","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201903054R","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus affects placental iron homeostasis: mechanism and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Zaugg","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726004870?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726004870?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:25:43Z","timestamp":1790018743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457726004870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S2405457726004870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pregnancy and iron: Bridging metabolic demands and supplementation needs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103390","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103390"}}