{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:47:20Z","timestamp":1791751640755,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:39:53Z","timestamp":1787924393000},"page":"105061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Performance of four malnutrition screening tools evaluated with the global leadership initiative on malnutrition framework and the mini nutritional assessment full form in hospitalised patients with diabetic foot ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4632-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teuntje L.","family":"de Smit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmelyne","family":"Vasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse C.M.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel G.J.","family":"Balvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e9 L.P.","family":"Kolkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib1","article-title":"Definitions and criteria for diabetic foot disease","volume":"36","author":"van Netten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers: a review","volume":"330","author":"Armstrong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00383-2","article-title":"Five year mortality and direct costs of care for people with diabetic foot complications are comparable to cancer","volume":"13","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib5","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of diabetic foot infections","author":"Boulton","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2400","article-title":"Diabetic foot disease: impact of ulcer location on ulcer healing","volume":"29","author":"Pickwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2266","article-title":"Lessons from eurodiale","volume":"28","author":"Schaper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib8","article-title":"Current knowledge of morbidities and direct costs related to diabetic foot disorders: a literature review","volume":"14","author":"Waibel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib9","series-title":"IWGDF practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease","author":"Schaper JjvN","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib10","series-title":"Nutrition interventions in adults with diabetic foot ulcers: Guideline central","author":"Armstrong","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib11","series-title":"Kennissynthese voeding als behandeling Van chronische ziekten","author":"Witkamp","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1152854","article-title":"The association between micronutrient levels and diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kurian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v13.i11.940","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation on wound healing in diabetic foot: what is known and what is new?","volume":"13","author":"Da Porto","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082576","article-title":"Associations between nutrients and foot ulceration in diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Bechara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.03.029","article-title":"Malnutrition according to the 2018 GLIM criteria is highly prevalent in people with a diabetic foot ulcer but does not affect outcome","volume":"43","author":"Lauwers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114524000874","article-title":"Effectiveness of global leadership initiative on malnutrition and subjective global assessment for diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"132","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.780","article-title":"Nutritional status deteriorates as the severity of diabetic foot ulcers increases and independently associates with prognosis","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib18","first-page":"886","article-title":"Protein requirement and its intake in subjects with diabetic foot ulcers at a tertiary care hospital","volume":"34","author":"Sajid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12974","article-title":"Macronutrient and micronutrient intake of individuals with diabetic foot ulceration: a short report","volume":"35","author":"Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080263","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation concurrent with nutrition education accelerates the wound healing process in patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"8","author":"Basiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001","article-title":"Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) diagnosis of malnutrition","volume":"41","author":"Barazzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib23","first-page":"23","article-title":"Validity and feasibility of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition diagnostic concept in older people: a literature review from August 2021 to August 2022","volume":"26","author":"Cederholm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.04.005","article-title":"Accuracy of the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2024.2363169","article-title":"Identifying malnutrition risk in hospitalized patients: an analysis of five tools in the light of GLIM criteria","volume":"136","author":"Arslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-025-01187-y","article-title":"Which screening tool performs best in identifying malnutrition risk among hospitalized older adults with cardiovascular disease? A diagnostic accuracy study comparing six different screening tools with GLIM criteria","volume":"16","author":"Selcuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.07.015","article-title":"Development and validation of a hospital screening tool for malnutrition: the short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ)","volume":"24","author":"Kruizenga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245126","article-title":"Malnutrition screening tools are not sensitive enough to identify older hospital patients with malnutrition","volume":"15","author":"van Dronkelaar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.851274","article-title":"Three nutritional indices are effective predictors of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M366","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.6.M366","article-title":"Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF)","volume":"56","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.022","article-title":"Global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults","volume":"39","author":"de van der Schueren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib33","first-page":"Ye01","article-title":"Requirements for minimum sample size for sensitivity and specificity analysis","volume":"10","author":"Bujang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.5.855","article-title":"Validation of a diabetic wound classification system. The contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation","volume":"21","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_287_23","article-title":"How useful are mid-arm and calf circumferences to indicate reduced muscle mass in order to recognize GLIM-defined malnutrition in elderly individuals?","volume":"26","author":"Hadzivukovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0145-3","article-title":"Predicting resting energy expenditure in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and Obese adult hospital patients","volume":"13","author":"Kruizenga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041135","article-title":"Relative validity of MijnEetmeter: a food diary app for self-monitoring of dietary intake","volume":"13","author":"Ock\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2590","article-title":"Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: a modified Delphi approach","volume":"48","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib39","first-page":"466","article-title":"The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) review of the literature--What does it tell Us?","volume":"10","author":"Guigoz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib40","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population","volume":"20","author":"Ignacio de Ul\u00edbarri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.10.006","article-title":"A systematic review of malnutrition screening tools for the nursing home setting","volume":"15","author":"van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-024-00290-6","article-title":"Risk factors for malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its association with prolonged length of hospitalization","volume":"14","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib43","first-page":"381","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening: a need to guide alice in nutritionland","volume":"27","author":"Jager-Wittenaar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.007","article-title":"Malnutrition risk screening: new insights in a new era","volume":"41","author":"de van der Schueren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1456091","article-title":"The ability of GLIM and MNA-FF to diagnose malnutrition and predict sarcopenia and frailty in hospitalized adults over 60 years of age","volume":"11","author":"da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.09.024","article-title":"Applicability of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in older adults in the emergency ward: a pilot validation study","volume":"40","author":"Mu\u00f1oz Fernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement","volume":"15","author":"Donini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2026.113136","article-title":"Assessing nutritional and hydration status in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer: agreement between hand-to-hand and hand-to-foot bioimpedance methods","volume":"146","author":"Van Dessel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Meier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.103305","article-title":"Medical nutrition in the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) era: protein strategies, micronutrient monitoring, and lean mass preservation","volume":"73","author":"Arslan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.04.008","article-title":"Nutrition screening tools: does one size fit all? A systematic review of screening tools for the hospital setting","volume":"33","author":"van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.05.043","article-title":"Navigating complexity: the challenge of reaching consensus on the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with obesity via a modified delphi study","volume":"68","author":"Mwala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726021583?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726021583?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:07:22Z","timestamp":1791749242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457726021583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2405457726021583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Performance of four malnutrition screening tools evaluated with the global leadership initiative on malnutrition framework and the mini nutritional assessment full form in hospitalised patients with diabetic foot ulcers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105061"}}