{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:53:00Z","timestamp":1791982380919,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionespen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:22:19Z","timestamp":1791501739000},"page":"105172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization of nutritional intake in vegan pregnant women and its association on birth weight"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Efrat Paz","family":"Dubinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer","family":"Avnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivan","family":"Shaham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaffa Elbaum","family":"Shiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yariv","family":"Yogev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Anbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2019.1663797","article-title":"Adherence to a mediterranean diet by vegetarians and vegans as compared to omnivores","volume":"71","author":"Avital","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac057","article-title":"Meat-reduced dietary practices and efforts in 5 countries: Analysis of cross-sectional surveys in 2018 and 2019","volume":"152","author":"Vanderlee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000496471","article-title":"Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood and its implications for maternal and long-term child health: the early nutrition project recommendations","volume":"74","author":"Koletzko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.09.025","article-title":"Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: vegetarian diets","volume":"116","author":"Melina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010005","article-title":"Vegan nutrition for mothers and children: practical tools for healthcare providers","volume":"11","author":"Baroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.02.004","article-title":"Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health","volume":"28","author":"Satija","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030557","article-title":"The effects of vegetarian and vegan diet during pregnancy on the health of mothers and offspring","volume":"11","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020443","article-title":"Macronutrient and micronutrient intake during pregnancy: an overview of recent evidence","volume":"11","author":"Mousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13280","article-title":"Vegan-vegetarian diets in pregnancy: danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review","volume":"122","author":"Piccoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00804-x","article-title":"The impact of a vegan diet on pregnancy outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Avnon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05689-x","article-title":"Maternal plant-based diet during gestation and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"302","author":"Kesary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025634020718","article-title":"Development of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake of multiethnic populations","volume":"18","author":"Shahar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib13","unstructured":"Government of Israel, Ministry of Health. Growth curves for children and adolescents. [Available online]."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0053","article-title":"Association of dietary intake below recommendations and micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy and low birthweight","volume":"47","author":"Shankar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib17","series-title":"Rav mabat Zahav \u2013 Second National Health and Nutrition Survey ages 65 and over, 2014-15","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib18","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplements and life stages: pregnancy \u2013 health professional fact sheet [Internet]. Updated April 3, 2025 [cited 2026 Sep 13]. Available from: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements \u2013 Pregnancy Fact Sheet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib22","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib32","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00678-0","article-title":"Dietary protein intake during pregnancy and birth weight among Chinese pregnant women with low intake of protein","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.01.024","article-title":"A modular systematic review of antenatal interventions to address undernutrition during pregnancy in the prevention of low birth weight","volume":"117","author":"Hunter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14778","article-title":"Adherence to different forms of plant-based diets and pregnancy outcomes in the Danish National Birth Cohort: a prospective observational study","volume":"103","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370218758275","article-title":"Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development","volume":"243","author":"Herring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839S","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.011817","article-title":"Protein and amino acid requirements during pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Elango","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.146266","article-title":"Leucine is essential for attenuating fetal growth restriction caused by a protein-restricted diet in rats","volume":"142","author":"Teodoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1489795","article-title":"The significant role of amino acids during pregnancy: nutritional support","volume":"33","author":"Manta-Vogli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020561","article-title":"Net absorption and metabolism of \u03b2-Hydroxy-\u03b2-Methyl butyrate during late gestation in a pig model","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04146-3","article-title":"Longitudinal plasma amino acids during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometry: findings from the NICHD Fetal growth studies-singleton cohort","volume":"23","author":"Guivarch","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092535","article-title":"Prenatal amino acid supplementation to improve fetal growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Terstappen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2214275","article-title":"Guidance on energy and macronutrients across the life span","volume":"390","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib31","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetarians (lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans): metabolism, status, and clinical aspects","volume":"2","author":"Galchenko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13426","article-title":"Maternal choline supplementation during pregnancy to promote mental health in offspring","volume":"17","author":"Spoelstra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz101","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of supplements in pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib35","series-title":"The role of pregnancy nutrition in maternal and offspring health","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1753650","article-title":"Vegan or vegetarian diet and breast milk composition \u2013A systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Karcz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.57798","article-title":"Growth trajectories in infants from families with plant-based or omnivorous dietary patterns","volume":"9","author":"Avital","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726022692?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405457726022692?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:34:56Z","timestamp":1791981296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405457726022692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2405457726022692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of nutritional intake in vegan pregnant women and its association on birth weight","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2026.105172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105172"}}