{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:06:54Z","timestamp":1793070414722,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T04:17:34Z","timestamp":1385093854000},"page":"6-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["The pathophysiology of fluid and electrolyte balance in the older adult surgical patient"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El-Sharkawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opinder","family":"Sahota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron J.","family":"Maughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep N.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib1","unstructured":"The Information Centre for Health and Social Care. http:\/\/www.ic.nhs.uk\/news-and-events\/news\/elderly-people-account-for-bigger-proportion-of-nhs-hospital-activity-every-year-report-shows; 2012 [accessed 22.05.12 at 14:00]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib2","unstructured":"Cracknell R. The ageing population. http:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/business\/publications\/research\/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament\/value-for-money-in-public-services\/the-ageing-population\/ [accessed 14.08.12 at 09:00]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib3","first-page":"27","article-title":"Fluid and electrolytes in the elderly","volume":"7","author":"Allison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-19990401-06","article-title":"Water intake of nursing home residents","volume":"25","author":"Gaspar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.6.647","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study on heat-related mortality in an elderly population during the 2003 heat wave in Modena, Italy: the Argento Project","volume":"62","author":"Foroni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1188\/12.ONF.408-412","article-title":"Incidence of preventable postoperative readmissions following pancreaticoduodenectomy: implications for patient education","volume":"39","author":"Hari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.28933","article-title":"Causes and predictors of early re-admission after surgery for a fracture of the hip","volume":"94","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31823d0ec5","article-title":"Dehydration is the most common indication for readmission after diverting ileostomy creation","volume":"55","author":"Messaris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719657","article-title":"Dehydration and cognitive performance","volume":"26","author":"Grandjean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.8.1265","article-title":"The burden and outcomes associated with dehydration among US elderly, 1991","volume":"84","author":"Warren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/85.1.109","article-title":"The stress response to trauma and surgery","volume":"85","author":"Desborough","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6948","article-title":"Fluid balance as a biomarker: impact of fluid overload on outcome in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury","volume":"12","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R74","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6916","article-title":"A\u00a0positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Payen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1985.tb07117.x","article-title":"Longitudinal studies on the rate of decline in renal function with age","volume":"33","author":"Lindeman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2010.03.008","article-title":"Electrolytes in the aging","volume":"17","author":"Schlanger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg322","article-title":"Senescence of renal cells: molecular basis and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Melk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200109000-00016","article-title":"Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake","volume":"33","author":"Kenney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib18","first-page":"R877","article-title":"Effects of drinking on thirst and vasopressin in dehydrated elderly men","volume":"264","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/22.suppl_1.S26","article-title":"Disturbed fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis following dehydration in elderly people","volume":"22","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib20","first-page":"189","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of water turnover in older people in community and institutional settings","volume":"9","author":"Leiper","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib21","first-page":"50","article-title":"Transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in the non invasive assessment of stratum corneum function","volume":"38","author":"Berardesca","year":"1990","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.04520010052006","article-title":"Skin aging. Effect on transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, and casual sebum content","volume":"127","author":"Wilhelm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci025","article-title":"Why do older patients die in a heatwave?","volume":"98","author":"Flynn","year":"2005","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092320205","article-title":"Glomerular number and size in relation to age, kidney weight, and body surface in normal man","volume":"232","author":"Nyengaard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V781106","article-title":"Aging and the kidney","volume":"7","author":"Epstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2003.08.001","article-title":"Age and gender as risk factors for hyponatremia and hypernatremia","volume":"337","author":"Hawkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-006-0059-5","article-title":"Transtubular potassium concentration gradient: comparison between healthy old people and chronic renal failure patients","volume":"38","author":"Musso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B91","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/51A.1.B91","article-title":"Age and systemic acid-base equilibrium: analysis of published data","volume":"51","author":"Frassetto","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01799.x","article-title":"Renal net acid excretion capacity is comparable in prepubescence, adolescence, and young adulthood but falls with aging","volume":"56","author":"Berkemeyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90977-7","article-title":"Essential hypertension in the elderly: haemodynamics, intravascular volume, plasma renin activity, and circulating catecholamine levels","volume":"2","author":"Messerli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.34.3.309","article-title":"Senescence and the renal vasculature in normal man","volume":"34","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1974","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib32","first-page":"26","article-title":"The aging kidney. Defending a delicate balance of fluid and electrolytes","volume":"55","author":"Beck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181bc80f1","article-title":"Effect of volume loading with 1 liter intravenous infusions of 0.9% saline, 4% succinylated gelatine (Gelofusine) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven) on blood volume and endocrine responses: a randomized, three-way crossover study in healthy volunteers","volume":"38","author":"Lobo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/16.3.171","article-title":"Reduced plasma renin activity in elderly subjects in response to vasovagal hypotension and head-up tilt","volume":"16","author":"Kenny","year":"1987","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-81","article-title":"High plasma concentrations of human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in aged men","volume":"64","author":"Ohashi","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.13.4769","article-title":"Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits renin release from juxtaglomerular cells by a cGMP-mediated process","volume":"83","author":"Kurtz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230344","article-title":"Regulation of the amiloride-blockable sodium channel from epithelial tissue","volume":"99","author":"Ling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00320.x","article-title":"Diurnal variation in the levels of antidiuretic hormone in the elderly","volume":"229","author":"Asplund","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib39","first-page":"R757","article-title":"Thirst and fluid regulatory responses to hypertonicity in older adults","volume":"271","author":"Stachenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409203111202","article-title":"Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men","volume":"311","author":"Phillips","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02264.x","article-title":"Vasopressin response to dehydration in Alzheimers-disease","volume":"37","author":"Albert","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008252032016","article-title":"Effects of hypertonicity on water intake in the elderly: an age-related failure","volume":"7","author":"McAloon Dyke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geriatr Nephrol Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib43","first-page":"R166","article-title":"Reduced osmotic thirst in healthy elderly men","volume":"261","author":"Phillips","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409203111202","article-title":"Reduced thirst after water-deprivation in healthy elderly men","volume":"311","author":"Phillips","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02102.x","article-title":"Role of the opioid system in the hypodipsia associated with aging","volume":"40","author":"Silver","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib46","first-page":"R148","article-title":"Mechanism of attenuated thirst in aging: role of central volume receptors","volume":"272","author":"Stachenfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.4.1615","article-title":"Body fluid balance in dehydrated healthy older men: thirst and renal osmoregulation","volume":"76","author":"Mack","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib48","first-page":"R475","article-title":"Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on thirst and arginine vasopressin release in humans","volume":"260","author":"Burrell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90154-9","article-title":"Body fluid changes, thirst and drinking in man during free access to water","volume":"33","author":"Phillips","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31820a3a90","article-title":"Severe hypernatremia correction rate and mortality in hospitalized patients","volume":"341","author":"Alshayeb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-309","article-title":"Hypernatremia in elderly patients. A heterogeneous, morbid, and iatrogenic entity","volume":"107","author":"Snyder","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0374-y","article-title":"Hypo- and hypernatraemia in surgical patients: is there room for improvement?","volume":"34","author":"Herrod","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn061","article-title":"Mild hyponatremia and risk of fracture in the ambulatory elderly","volume":"101","author":"Gankam Kengne","year":"2008","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802081675","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical and economic outcomes of admission hyponatremia among hospitalized patients","volume":"24","author":"Zilberberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06120809","article-title":"Hyponatremia independent of osteoporosis is associated with fracture occurrence","volume":"5","author":"Kinsella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib56","article-title":"Hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis","volume":"20","author":"Barsony","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.01.027","article-title":"Mortality after hospitalization with mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia","volume":"122","author":"Waikar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-2-164","article-title":"Hyponatremia: a prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin","volume":"102","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318256be72","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% saline and Plasma-Lyte(R) 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers","volume":"256","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/90.7.487","article-title":"Potassium homoeostasis in the elderly","volume":"90","author":"Biswas","year":"1997","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V651459","article-title":"Aldosterone responses to hyperkalemia in healthy elderly humans","volume":"6","author":"Mulkerrin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib62","first-page":"399","article-title":"Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion: potential relevance to hypoaldosteronism in man","volume":"75","author":"Clark","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1994.10718370","article-title":"Magnesium status in healthy free-living elderly Norwegians","volume":"13","author":"Gullestad","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.4.749","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency: a cause of heterogeneous disease in humans","volume":"13","author":"Rude","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib65","first-page":"2374","article-title":"Acid-base status affects renal magnesium losses in healthy, elderly persons","volume":"136","author":"Rylander","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib66","first-page":"645","article-title":"Admission hypomagnesemia\u2013impact on mortality or morbidity in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Safavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-200404000-00010","article-title":"The effects of drugs on thermoregulation","volume":"15","author":"Cuddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"AACN Clin Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604173141604","article-title":"Evidence of prostacyclin deficiency in the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism","volume":"314","author":"Nadler","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.9.1107","article-title":"Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting","volume":"289","author":"Gurwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04377.x","article-title":"Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia due to indapamide","volume":"176","author":"Chapman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib71","first-page":"938","article-title":"Severe electrolyte disturbances and renal failure in elderly patients with combined diuretic therapy including xipamid","volume":"114","author":"Sandhofer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib72","first-page":"691","article-title":"Association between acute geriatric syndromes and medication-related hospital admissions","volume":"29","author":"Wierenga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1316-4","article-title":"Recognition of adverse drug events in older hospitalized medical patients","volume":"69","author":"Klopotowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H658","article-title":"Systematic review of the incidence and characteristics of preventable adverse drug events in ambulatory care","volume":"41","author":"Thomsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0023-z","article-title":"Preventing and treating dehydration in the elderly during periods of illness and warm weather","volume":"13","author":"Schols","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0089-4","article-title":"Excess mortality related to the August 2003 heat wave in France","volume":"80","author":"Fouillet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb02934.x","article-title":"Validation of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in detecting changes in fluid balance of geriatric patients","volume":"45","author":"Olde Rikkert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200606000-00023","article-title":"Oral hydration in older adults: greater awareness is needed in preventing, recognizing, and treating dehydration","volume":"106","author":"Mentes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2012.10720011","article-title":"Cognitive performance and dehydration","volume":"31","author":"Adan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02662.x","article-title":"Insensible water loss and its assessment in adult patients: a review","volume":"31","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7748\/nop2002.12.14.9.31.c2233","article-title":"Assessing fluid balance in older people: fluid needs","volume":"14","author":"Woodrow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nurs Older People"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7056","article-title":"Physical signs of dehydration in the elderly","volume":"51","author":"Shimizu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1371","article-title":"Fatal postoperative pulmonary edema: pathogenesis and literature review","volume":"115","author":"Arieff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.03.004","article-title":"How perioperative fluid balance influences postoperative outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Lobo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aef220","article-title":"Pathophysiology and clinical implications of perioperative fluid excess","volume":"89","author":"Holte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2000.0021","article-title":"Diuresis and diarrhea: is the gut a misunderstood nephron?","volume":"43","author":"Michell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08711-1","article-title":"Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"359","author":"Lobo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib88","first-page":"469","article-title":"Fluids and gastrointestinal function","volume":"14","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720808","article-title":"Colonic anastomotic healing and oxygen tension","volume":"72","author":"Shandall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200110000-00003","article-title":"The effects of balanced versus saline-based hetastarch and crystalloid solutions on acid-base and electrolyte status and gastric mucosal perfusion in elderly surgical patients","volume":"93","author":"Wilkes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib91","first-page":"603","article-title":"Crystalloids after primary colon resection and anastomosis at initial trauma laparotomy: excessive volumes are associated with anastomotic leakage","volume":"70","author":"Schnuriger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000094387.50865.23","article-title":"Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial","volume":"238","author":"Brandstrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181ad61c8","article-title":"Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial of restrictive versus standard fluid regime in elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"250","author":"McArdle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib94","first-page":"328","article-title":"Near-total esophagectomy: the influence of standardized multimodal management and intraoperative fluid restriction","volume":"28","author":"Neal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001734","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right","volume":"69","author":"Varadhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib96","series-title":"Extremes of age: the 1999 report of the national confidential enquiry into perioperative deaths","author":"Callum","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.01.008","article-title":"The history of 0.9% saline","volume":"27","author":"Awad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1040017","article-title":"(Ab)normal saline and physiological Hartmann's solution: a randomized double-blind crossover study","volume":"104","author":"Reid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib99","first-page":"999","article-title":"The effect of intravenous lactated Ringer's solution versus 0.9% sodium chloride solution on serum osmolality in human volunteers","volume":"88","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib100","first-page":"F744","article-title":"Effects of an acute saline infusion on fluid and electrolyte metabolism in humans","volume":"262","author":"Drummer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31825074f5","article-title":"Major complications, mortality, and resource utilization after open abdominal surgery: 0.9% saline compared to plasma-lyte","volume":"255","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13356","article-title":"Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults","volume":"308","author":"Yunos","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318293d81e","article-title":"Hyperchloremia after noncardiac surgery is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality: a propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"117","author":"McCluskey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib104","first-page":"367","article-title":"Effect of perioperative fluid therapy on early phase prognosis after liver transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.12.009","article-title":"Perioperative fluid restriction reduces complications after major gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"143","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7113.909","article-title":"Intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation and length of hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture: randomised controlled trial","volume":"315","author":"Sinclair","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.1.65","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial to investigate influence of the fluid challenge on duration of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity in patients with hip fractures","volume":"88","author":"Venn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05233.x","article-title":"Systematic review of the literature for the use of oesophageal Doppler monitor for fluid replacement in major abdominal surgery","volume":"63","author":"Abbas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5454","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of Doppler-optimized fluid management on outcome after elective colorectal resection","volume":"93","author":"Noblett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.02708.x","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial investigating the influence of intravenous fluid titration using oesophageal Doppler monitoring during bowel surgery","volume":"57","author":"Conway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200210000-00012","article-title":"Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery","volume":"97","author":"Gan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01707662","article-title":"Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost","volume":"20","author":"Mythen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei223","article-title":"Intraoperative oesophageal Doppler guided fluid management shortens postoperative hospital stay after major bowel surgery","volume":"95","author":"Wakeling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01516.x","article-title":"Doppler-guided intra-operative fluid management during major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes163","article-title":"Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal stroke volume or zero fluid balance?","volume":"109","author":"Brandstrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8940","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of goal-directed fluid therapy within an enhanced recovery protocol for elective colectomy","volume":"100","author":"Srinivasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1997.tb09639.x","article-title":"Variability in post-operative fluid and electrolyte prescription","volume":"51","author":"Stoneham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2000.0154","article-title":"Problems with solutions: drowning in the brine of an inadequate knowledge base","volume":"20","author":"Lobo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.03.009","article-title":"Fluid and electrolyte balance: the impact of goal directed teaching","volume":"27","author":"Awad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561413003166?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561413003166?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:51:02Z","timestamp":1759366262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561413003166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561413003166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The pathophysiology of fluid and electrolyte balance in the older adult surgical patient","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}