{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:58:18Z","timestamp":1792180698614,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011330","name":"Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]],"date-time":"2015-01-31T00:44:42Z","timestamp":1422665082000},"page":"367-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":325,"title":["Postoperative ileus: Recent developments in pathophysiology and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Damian","family":"Bragg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El-Sharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9072-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Maxwell-Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep N.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib1","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Underwood","year":"1830"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2148-y","article-title":"Defining postoperative ileus: results of a systematic review and global survey","volume":"17","author":"Vather","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.06.013","article-title":"Ileus following total hip or knee arthroplasty is associated with increased risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"19","author":"Berend","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200112000-00014","article-title":"The use of neostigmine to treat postoperative ileus in orthopedic spinal patients","volume":"14","author":"Althausen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199505000-00006","article-title":"Ileus following gynecologic surgery: management with water-soluble hyperosmolar radio contrast material","volume":"88","author":"Finan","year":"1995","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35800-7","article-title":"Comparison of patient-controlled analgesia versus intramuscular narcotics in resolution of postoperative ileus after radical retropubic prostatectomy","volume":"150","author":"Stanley","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib7","first-page":"82","article-title":"Inpatient economic burden of postoperative ileus associated with abdominal surgery in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"P & T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070428","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical and economic consequences of postoperative ileus","volume":"64","author":"Senagore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib9","first-page":"590","article-title":"Clinical and economic outcomes of prolonged postoperative ileus in patients undergoing hysterectomy and hemicolectomy","volume":"30","author":"Salvador","year":"2005","journal-title":"P & T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12307","article-title":"Causes and prevalence of unplanned readmissions after colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01595.x","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: a preventable event","volume":"87","author":"Holte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: profiles, risk factors, and definitions\u2014a framework for optimizing surgical outcomes in patients undergoing major abdominal colorectal surgery","author":"Delaney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Consensus Update in General Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib13","first-page":"485","article-title":"Economic burden of postoperative ileus associated with colectomy in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Iyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.09.028","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: it costs more than you expect","volume":"210","author":"Asgeirsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9491-2","article-title":"Prolonged postoperative ileus-definition, risk factors, and predictors after surgery","volume":"32","author":"Artinyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318268a693","article-title":"Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients","volume":"257","author":"Chapuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00559.x","article-title":"Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates","volume":"16","author":"Delaney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-63","article-title":"Race and gender variation in response to evoked inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Ferguson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00211.x","article-title":"Catecholamine excretion and pain","volume":"1","author":"Huskisson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199811000-00004","article-title":"Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an intestinal muscularis inflammatory response resulting in postsurgical ileus","volume":"228","author":"Kalff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181fcb83e","article-title":"A characterization of factors determining postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colectomy enables the generation of a novel predictive score","volume":"253","author":"Kronberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00556.x","article-title":"The role of endogenous opioids in the control of gastrointestinal motility: predictions from in vitro modelling","volume":"16","author":"Sanger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1704-y","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of prolonged post-operative ileus following elective colorectal surgery","volume":"28","author":"Vather","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.4.7726042","article-title":"Distinction between postoperative ileus and mechanical small-bowel obstruction: value of CT compared with clinical and other radiographic findings","volume":"164","author":"Frager","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.2.460S","article-title":"Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction","volume":"66","author":"Chandra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(01)00781-4","article-title":"Review of postoperative ileus","volume":"182","author":"Kehlet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib28","first-page":"469","article-title":"Fluids and gastrointestinal function","volume":"14","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.09.010","article-title":"Resuscitation-induced intestinal edema and related dysfunction: state of the science","volume":"166","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12220","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: mechanisms and future directions for research","volume":"41","author":"Vather","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00558.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of postoperative ileus","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.2.206","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of postoperative ileus","volume":"138","author":"Luckey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262180-00004","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: progress towards effective management","volume":"62","author":"Holte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.169250","article-title":"Neuroimmune mechanisms in postoperative ileus","volume":"58","author":"Boeckxstaens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1481-2","article-title":"Vagal innervation and early postoperative ileus in mice","volume":"15","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.917698","article-title":"Inflammatory response in laparoscopic vs. open surgery for gastric cancer","volume":"49","author":"Okholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900867","article-title":"Laparoscopic colectomy for benign colorectal disease is associated with a significant reduction in disability as compared with laparotomy","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib38","first-page":"691","article-title":"The potassium depletion states and postoperative ileus","volume":"98","author":"Lowman","year":"1971","journal-title":"The role of the potassium ion, Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08711-1","article-title":"Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"359","author":"Lobo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7191.1099","article-title":"Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomised controlled trial of preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery","volume":"318","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib41","first-page":"CD004929","article-title":"Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5090","article-title":"Systematic review of prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal operations","volume":"92","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy","volume":"221","author":"Cheatham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.002","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: surgery","volume":"28","author":"Braga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2001.0514","article-title":"Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia - effects on surgical stress responses and implications for postoperative nutrition","volume":"21","author":"Holte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750618","article-title":"Effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative insulin resistance as evaluated by insulin clamp technique","volume":"75","author":"Uchida","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1700-9","article-title":"Intraoperative epidural analgesia prevents the early proinflammatory response to surgical trauma. Results from a prospective randomized clinical trial of intraoperative epidural versus general analgesia","volume":"18","author":"Moselli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib48","first-page":"CD001893","article-title":"Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens on postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery","volume":"4","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5825","article-title":"Postoperative Pain Forum Group, Meta-analysis of epidural analgesia versus parenteral opioid analgesia after colorectal surgery","volume":"94","author":"Marret","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01242.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial to examine the influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative ileus after laparoscopic sigmoid resection","volume":"86","author":"Neudecker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9888-x","article-title":"Influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative pain relief and ileus after laparoscopic colorectal resection: benefit with epidural analgesia","volume":"23","author":"Zingg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4223","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing epidural anaesthesia and patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic segmental colectomy","volume":"90","author":"Senagore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(98)80307-5","article-title":"Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration reduces postoperative insulin resistance","volume":"17","author":"Nygren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib54","first-page":"255","article-title":"Preoperative oral carbohydrate nutrition: an update","volume":"4","author":"Nygren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.10.011","article-title":"A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery","volume":"32","author":"Awad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2006.00965.x","article-title":"Pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading in colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Noblett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2013.12.003","article-title":"Does preoperative oral carbohydrate reduce hospital stay? a randomized trial","volume":"99","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-1093-4","article-title":"The role of nasogastric tube in decompression after elective colon and rectum surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s004230050091","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus conventional colorectal resection: a prospective randomised study of postoperative ileus and early postoperative feeding","volume":"383","author":"Schwenk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31821fd1ce","article-title":"Laparoscopy in combination with fast track multimodal management is the best perioperative strategy in patients undergoing colonic surgery: a randomized clinical trial (LAFA-study)","volume":"254","author":"Vlug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01415.x","article-title":"Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: prevalence, pathophysiology and burden","volume":"61","author":"Panchal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03150.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Alvimopan vs. placebo in the treatment of post-operative ileus","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001734","article-title":"A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right","volume":"69","author":"Varadhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2000.0021","article-title":"Diuresis and diarrhea: is the gut a misunderstood nephron?","volume":"43","author":"Michell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2165\/10898560-000000000-00000","article-title":"Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"70","author":"McCarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318259bcd8","article-title":"Perioperative systemic lidocaine for postoperative analgesia and recovery after abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da","article-title":"Intravenous lidocaine is as effective as epidural bupivacaine in reducing ileus duration, hospital stay, and pain after open colon resection: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Swenson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael217","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia and i.v. infusion with lidocaine on cytokine response, postoperative pain and bowel function in patients undergoing colonic surgery","volume":"97","author":"Kuo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31820d4362","article-title":"Intravenous lidocaine versus thoracic epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery using an enhanced recovery program","volume":"36","author":"Wongyingsinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8885","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial on the effect of coffee on postoperative ileus following elective colectomy","volume":"99","author":"Muller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i27","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer358","article-title":"Multimodal therapies for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pain","volume":"107","author":"Chandrakantan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-013-0067-7","article-title":"The management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: current thoughts and protocols","volume":"37","author":"Sweis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib73","first-page":"CD004930","article-title":"Systemic prokinetic pharmacologic treatment for postoperative adynamic ileus following abdominal surgery in adults","author":"Traut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9407-0","article-title":"Effect of mosapride on recovery of intestinal motility after hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy for carcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Narita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1567-x","article-title":"Mosapride citrate improves postoperative ileus of patients with colectomy","volume":"15","author":"Toyomasu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.227546","article-title":"Neuronal stimulation with 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor induces anti-inflammatory actions via alpha7nACh receptors on muscularis macrophages associated with postoperative ileus","volume":"60","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29605","article-title":"Prostanoid production via COX-2 as a causative mechanism of rodent postoperative ileus","volume":"121","author":"Schwarz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04126.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: the impact of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on gastrointestinal recovery after major surgery - a randomized double blind controlled trial of celecoxib or diclofenac vs","volume":"30","author":"Wattchow","year":"2009","journal-title":"placebo, Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2563-8","article-title":"NSAID use and anastomotic leaks following elective colorectal surgery: a matched case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Subendran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2486-4","article-title":"Perioperative nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not associated with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery","volume":"18","author":"Saleh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2531-1","article-title":"Postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of anastomotic leak: meta-analysis of clinical and experimental studies","volume":"38","author":"Bhangu","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31825fe927","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anastomotic dehiscence in bowel surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"56","author":"Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6166","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6166","article-title":"Postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with anastomotic leakage requiring reoperation after colorectal resection: cohort study based on prospective data","volume":"345","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8691","article-title":"Risk of anastomotic leakage with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal surgery","volume":"99","author":"Gorissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12206","article-title":"Chewing gum reduces postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000353136","article-title":"Early versus traditional postoperative oral feeding in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"30","author":"Zhuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7316.773","article-title":"Early enteral feeding versus \u201cnil by mouth\u201d after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"323","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.6.833","article-title":"Influence of postoperative enteral nutrition on postsurgical infections","volume":"39","author":"Beier-Holgersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7035.869","article-title":"Randomised trial of safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal resection","volume":"312","author":"Carr","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib90","first-page":"348","article-title":"Early feeding after intestinal anastomoses: risks or benefits?","volume":"48","author":"de Aguilar-Nascimento","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5753","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of the impact of early enteral feeding on postoperative ileus and recovery","volume":"94","author":"Han-Geurts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000288","article-title":"Reduction of postoperative ileus by early enteral nutrition in patients undergoing major rectal surgery: prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"259","author":"Boelens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.03.003","article-title":"Early oral feeding in patients undergoing elective colonic anastomosis","volume":"7","author":"El Nakeeb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01389.x","article-title":"Evidence for early oral feeding of patients after elective open colorectal surgery: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Ng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-011-1138-3","article-title":"Safety, feasibility, and tolerance of early oral feeding after colorectal resection outside an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program","volume":"26","author":"Gianotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib96","first-page":"CD004080","article-title":"Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib97","series-title":"Issues in professional practice: guidelines for implementation of enhanced recovery protocols","author":"Khan","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5401","article-title":"Prospective trial of aggressive postoperative bowel stimulation following radical hysterectomy","volume":"73","author":"Fanning","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70134-7","article-title":"Prospective trial of early feeding and bowel stimulation after radical hysterectomy","volume":"182","author":"Kraus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0055-0","article-title":"Colonic surgery with accelerated rehabilitation or conventional care","volume":"47","author":"Basse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.10.902","article-title":"Effect of laxatives on gastrointestinal functional recovery in fast-track hysterectomy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study","volume":"196","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.32272","article-title":"New strategies in nonoperative management of meconium ileus","volume":"37","author":"Burke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7019","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic role of water-soluble contrast agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction","volume":"97","author":"Branco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00959.x","article-title":"Colonic motility in chronic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis and the effects of nicotine on colonic motility in patients and healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Coulie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.1998.00105.x","article-title":"Effect of transdermal application of nicotine on colonic transit in healthy nonsmoking volunteers","volume":"10","author":"Rausch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229","article-title":"Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"de Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000203000410","article-title":"The effect of the herbal medicine dai-kenchu-to on post-operative ileus","volume":"30","author":"Itoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2005.09.018","article-title":"The herbal medicine, Dai-Kenchu-to, accelerates delayed gastrointestinal transit after the operation in rats","volume":"131","author":"Fukuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0854-6","article-title":"Daikenchuto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, ameliorates postoperative ileus by anti-inflammatory action through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"49","author":"Endo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2006.01.022","article-title":"Dai-kenchu-to, a Chinese herbal medicine, improves stasis of patients with total gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition","volume":"192","author":"Endo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-011-0094-4","article-title":"The effects of the Kampo medicine (Japanese herbal medicine) \u201cDaikenchuto\u201d on the surgical inflammatory response following laparoscopic colorectal resection","volume":"42","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib112","first-page":"97","article-title":"The effect of the herbal medicines dai-kenchu-to and keishi-bukuryo-gan on bowel movement after colorectal surgery","volume":"52","author":"Suehiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyt005","article-title":"Effect of Daikenchuto (TJ-100) on postoperative bowel motility and on prevention of paralytic ileus after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial (the JAPAN-PD study)","volume":"43","author":"Okada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib114","first-page":"e12750","article-title":"Magnesium can decrease postoperative physiological ileus and postoperative pain in major non laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeries: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Shariat Moharari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib115","first-page":"11","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of continuous intravenous magnesium infusion as an adjuvant to morphine for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318297630d","article-title":"Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"119","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561415000382?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561415000382?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:39:54Z","timestamp":1789688394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561415000382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561415000382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postoperative ileus: Recent developments in pathophysiology and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}