{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:31:23Z","timestamp":1792783883780,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"First Touch Neonatal Charity"},{"name":"St George's Hospital neonatal unit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T09:58:04Z","timestamp":1476266284000},"page":"1593-1600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Extremely preterm infants receiving standard care receive very low levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"De Rooy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hamdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.C.","family":"Dyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8036-z","article-title":"Neurological benefits of omega-3 fatty acids","volume":"10","author":"Dyall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.014","article-title":"Reevaluation of the DHA requirement for the premature infant","volume":"81","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostagl Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a0A","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0791","article-title":"Placental regulation of fatty acid delivery and its effect on fetal growth\u2013a review","volume":"23","author":"Haggarty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.195","article-title":"Beyond building better brains: bridging the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) gap of prematurity","volume":"35","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81247-8","article-title":"Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development","volume":"120","author":"Martinez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","article-title":"Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European society of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition","volume":"50","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1159\/000320159","article-title":"Postnatal docosahexaenoic acid deficiency is an inevitable consequence of current recommendations and practice in preterm infants","volume":"98","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a0A","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.01.005","article-title":"Essential fatty acid transfer and fetal development","volume":"26","author":"Innis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2011.10.012","article-title":"Fetal intrauterine whole body linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid contents and accretion rates","volume":"86","author":"Kuipers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prostagl Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2010.02.034","article-title":"Human milk fatty acids from lactating mothers of preterm infants: a study revealing wide intra- and inter-individual variation","volume":"83","author":"Smithers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prostagl Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050573","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of human milk during the 1st month after term and preterm delivery","volume":"156","author":"Genzel-Boroviczeny","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.07.011","article-title":"Cytokines and perinatal brain damage","volume":"35","author":"Dammann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(02)00606-5","article-title":"Disturbance of oligodendrocyte development, hypomyelination and white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain after intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide","volume":"140","author":"Pang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00052","article-title":"Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA","volume":"7","author":"Dyall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.04.039","article-title":"Decreased postnatal docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid blood levels in premature infants are associated with neonatal morbidities","volume":"159","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A\u00a0rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv109","article-title":"A\u00a0high omega-3 fatty acid multinutrient supplement benefits cognition and mobility in older women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"71","author":"Strike","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.1.97","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants fed breast milk or formula","volume":"67","author":"Carnielli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1323","article-title":"Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm newborns fed formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"86","author":"Carnielli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0523","article-title":"Correction for multiple testing: is there a resolution?","volume":"140","author":"Streiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-003-1065-1","article-title":"The potential role for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in protecting against some central nervous system injuries in preterm infants","volume":"38","author":"Crawford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib23","first-page":"292","article-title":"Placental regulation of fetal nutrient supply","volume":"16","author":"Larque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.05.003","article-title":"What is the relationship between gestational age and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels?","volume":"100","author":"Baack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostagl Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a02","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.139","article-title":"Reference values of whole-blood fatty acids by age and sex from European children aged 3\u20138 years","volume":"38","author":"Wolters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obes Lond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.052","article-title":"Lipid needs of preterm infants: updated recommendations","volume":"162","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0091-3","article-title":"Effects of different arachidonic acid supplementation on psychomotor development in very preterm infants; a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Alshweki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000280","article-title":"Growth and fatty acid profiles of VLBW infants receiving a multicomponent lipid emulsion from birth","volume":"58","author":"Vlaardingerbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.10.019","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-1","volume":"36","author":"Maurer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e748","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1697","article-title":"Serum cytokine and chemokine profiles in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome","volume":"121","author":"Okazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.01.031","article-title":"Translational research and biomarkers in neonatal sepsis","volume":"451","author":"Delanghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561416312778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561416312778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:51:06Z","timestamp":1759366266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561416312778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561416312778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extremely preterm infants receiving standard care receive very low levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}