{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:30:51Z","timestamp":1790238651670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T02:42:35Z","timestamp":1585017755000},"page":"3497-3503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The impact of protein diet on bone density in people with\/without chronic kidney disease: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chia-Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Feng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2074-y","article-title":"European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"24","author":"Kanis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.03.024","article-title":"The effects of dietary protein and amino acids on skeletal metabolism","volume":"410","author":"Bihuniak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3440-3","article-title":"The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Weaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.005","article-title":"The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: a consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO)","volume":"79","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007","article-title":"Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group","volume":"33","author":"Deutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513000962","article-title":"Nutritional disturbance in acid\u2013base balance and osteoporosis: a hypothesis that disregards the essential homeostatic role of the kidney","volume":"110","author":"Bonjour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001794","article-title":"Predicting initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease: developing renal risk scores","volume":"70","author":"Taal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.178","article-title":"Renal, metabolic and hormonal responses to ingestion of animal and vegetable proteins","volume":"38","author":"Kontessis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib9","first-page":"CD001892","article-title":"Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults","author":"Fouque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015040369","article-title":"Ketoanalogue-supplemented vegetarian very low-protein diet and CKD progression","volume":"27","author":"Garneata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib11","article-title":"Ketoanalogues supplementation decreases dialysis and mortality risk in patients with anemic advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081035","article-title":"Does a supplemental low-protein diet decrease mortality and adverse events after commencing dialysis? A nationwide cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Yen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.04.001","article-title":"KDIGO 2017 clinical practice guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)","volume":"7","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKDMBDUWG","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0172-4","article-title":"An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures","volume":"17","author":"Johnell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1601-6","article-title":"Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00490-4","article-title":"Are the etiologies of cervical and trochanteric hip fractures different?","volume":"18","author":"Mautalen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020312","article-title":"Hip fracture incidence and mortality in chronic kidney disease: the GLOMMS-II record linkage cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013821","article-title":"Optimizing protein intake in adults: interpretation and application of the recommended dietary allowance compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range","volume":"8","author":"Wolfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V24823","article-title":"Dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure: nutritional efficacy, compliance, and progression of renal insufficiency","volume":"2","author":"Mitch","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.395","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the modification of diet in renal disease study","volume":"52","author":"Kopple","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V114708","article-title":"Nutrition and outcome on renal replacement therapy of patients with chronic renal failure treated by a supplemented very low protein diet","volume":"11","author":"Aparicio","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.243","article-title":"Comments on \u2018KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease\u2019","volume":"84","author":"Andrassy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006040368","article-title":"Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0407","article-title":"Glucose control influences glomerular filtration rate and its prediction in diabetic subjects","volume":"29","author":"Rigalleau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib25","author":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.11.1761","article-title":"Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III","volume":"12","author":"Looker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0320-x","article-title":"Comparative effects of oral aromatic and branched-chain amino acids on urine calcium excretion in humans","volume":"18","author":"Dawson-Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.3.584S","article-title":"Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited","volume":"78","author":"Kerstetter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0179","article-title":"The impact of dietary protein on calcium absorption and kinetic measures of bone turnover in women","volume":"90","author":"Kerstetter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27799","article-title":"Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Darling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.145110","article-title":"Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation","volume":"105","author":"Shams-White","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4534-5","volume":"29","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2435-1","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for hip fractures in dialysis patients","volume":"25","author":"Maravic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00178.x","article-title":"Increased risk of hip fracture among patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"58","author":"Alem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.3014","article-title":"Risk of hip fracture among dialysis and renal transplant recipients","volume":"288","author":"Ball","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001754","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for hip or other bone fractures among hemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study","volume":"70","author":"Jadoul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3663","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease worsens health outcomes in diabetic patients after hip fracture surgery: an Asian nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005111194","article-title":"Relationship between moderate to severe kidney disease and hip fracture in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Nickolas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.07.021","article-title":"Fractures in patients with CKD-diagnosis, treatment, and prevention: a review by members of the European Calcified Tissue Society and the European Renal Association of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation","volume":"92","author":"Pimentel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.073056","article-title":"Dairy products, yogurts, and bone health","volume":"99","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080712","article-title":"Proteins, dietary acid load, and calcium and risk of postmenopausal fractures in the E3N French women prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Dargent-Molina","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.4.773","article-title":"Calcium intake influences the association of protein intake with rates of bone loss in elderly men and women","volume":"75","author":"Dawson-Hughes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M635","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.12.M635","article-title":"Intertrochanteric versus femoral neck hip fractures: differential characteristics, treatment, and sequelae","volume":"54","author":"Fox","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20680","article-title":"The association of proximal femur geometry with hip fracture risk","volume":"21","author":"Dincel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070022","article-title":"Femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures have different risk factors: a prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Fox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110667","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging. Differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes","volume":"70","author":"Riggs","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib47","first-page":"63","article-title":"An analysis of bone structure in patients with hip fracture","volume":"3","author":"Uitewaal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib48","first-page":"35","article-title":"Influence of bone mineral density and hip geometry on the different types of hip fracture","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.40","article-title":"Cystatin C and aging success","volume":"168","author":"Sarnak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt109","article-title":"Aging and chronic kidney disease: the impact on physical function and cognition","volume":"69","author":"Anand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2012.1329","article-title":"Relationship between renal function and physical performance in elderly hospitalized patients","volume":"15","author":"Lattanzio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026156142030131X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026156142030131X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:58:44Z","timestamp":1759366724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026156142030131X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S026156142030131X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of protein diet on bone density in people with\/without chronic kidney disease: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}