{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:34:59Z","timestamp":1777577699706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":367,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2019\/002002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2019\/002002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010803","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003845","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003845","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T11:29:55Z","timestamp":1597318195000},"page":"1247-1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prediabetes uncovers differential gene expression at fasting and in response to oral glucose load in immune cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Abhiram Charan Tej","family":"Mallu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madavan","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Allanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abel Arul","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahalakshmi M.","family":"Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gowri Shanker","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Pradeepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhulika","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.012","article-title":"A\u00a0periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance, and healthspan","volume":"22","author":"Brandhorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0607","article-title":"Renal and systemic effects of calorie restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Ruggenenti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.004","article-title":"Ten-hour time-restricted eating reduces weight, blood pressure, and atherogenic lipids in patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.11.009","article-title":"Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Cicero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2017.68717","article-title":"Natural approaches in metabolic syndrome management","volume":"14","author":"Patti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aoms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.11.013","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source to detect markers of homeostatic alterations caused by the intake of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient composition","volume":"26","author":"D\u00edaz-R\u00faa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2357","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk profile in subjects with prediabetes and new-onset type 2 diabetes identified by HbA(1c) according to American Diabetes Association criteria","volume":"37","author":"Di Pino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00379-4","article-title":"Diabetes and infection: assessing the association with glycaemic control in population-based studies","volume":"4","author":"Pearson-Stuttard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0666","article-title":"Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report","volume":"33","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1999","article-title":"Time course and mechanisms of circulating progenitor cell reduction in the natural history of type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Fadini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3116-5","article-title":"Association of proinflammatory cytokines and islet resident leucocytes with islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Butcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.813","article-title":"Inflammation and activated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Pickup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-6-44","article-title":"Assessment of inflammatory resilience in healthy subjects using dietary lipid and glucose challenges","volume":"6","author":"Wopereis","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib14","first-page":"5","article-title":"Postprandial peaks as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: epidemiological perspectives","author":"Bonora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004525","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of the response to an oral glucose tolerance test detects subtle metabolic changes","volume":"4","author":"Wopereis","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.149","article-title":"The genetic and epigenetic basis of type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"92","author":"Drong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601011","article-title":"The insulin receptor plays a critical role in T cell function and adaptive immunity","volume":"198","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.01.020","article-title":"Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: evidence and implications","volume":"20","author":"Misra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2019","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","article-title":"Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles","volume":"12","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0572","article-title":"A\u00a0regulatory T-cell gene signature is a specific and sensitive biomarker to identify children with new-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Pesenacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib22","article-title":"Treg gene signatures predict and measure type 1 diabetes trajectory","volume":"4","author":"Pesenacker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20053","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700006200","article-title":"Type I interferon receptors: biochemistry and biological functions","volume":"282","author":"de Weerd","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3369","article-title":"A\u00a0hematopoietic cell-driven mechanism involving SLAMF6 receptor, SAP adaptors and SHP-1 phosphatase regulates NK cell education","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20159","article-title":"Activation of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice does not require lymphocytes","volume":"21","author":"Behan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.009","article-title":"Class II major histocompatibility complex plays an essential role in obesity-induced adipose inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","article-title":"Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders","volume":"542","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53598-5","article-title":"Mitogen activation of resting lymphocytes exposes cryptic insulin receptors","volume":"268","author":"Goodman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0108024","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in lymphocytes is a regulated process with significant effects on immune cell function and survival","volume":"84","author":"Maciver","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0686","article-title":"Potential antiinflammatory role of insulin via the preferential polarization of effector T cells toward a T helper 2 phenotype","volume":"148","author":"Viardot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.003","article-title":"Insulin receptor-mediated stimulation boosts T cell immunity during inflammation and infection","volume":"28","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337579","article-title":"Briefs on insulin and innate immune response","volume":"29","author":"Sunahara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","article-title":"The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00394.x","article-title":"The impact of eicosanoids on the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity: the key roles of dendritic cells","volume":"65","author":"Harizi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.018","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CX3CR1 defines three antigen-experienced CD8 T cell subsets with distinct roles in immune surveillance and homeostasis","volume":"45","author":"Gerlach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2017.05.005","article-title":"Adhesion GPCRs in regulating immune responses and inflammation","volume":"136","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10071","article-title":"Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a \u201cphagocytic synapse\u201d","volume":"472","author":"Goodridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00257-6","article-title":"CXCL13 is required for B1 cell homing, natural antibody production, and body cavity immunity","volume":"16","author":"Ansel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000145607.03879.e0","article-title":"Angiotensin II amplifies macrophage-driven atherosclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Nobuhiko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.153239","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo arterial lipoprotein lipase expression augments inflammatory responses and impairs vascular dilatation","volume":"28","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2004.03.004","article-title":"PDGF and cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Raines","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13516","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13516","article-title":"Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals ALK1 mediates LDL uptake and transcytosis in endothelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Kraehling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10683","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1287-16.2016","article-title":"Insulin treatment prevents neuroinflammation and neuronal injury with restored neurobehavioral function in models of HIV\/AIDS neurodegeneration","volume":"36","author":"Mamik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0007","article-title":"Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Nigro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080263","article-title":"Effects of insulin resistance on endothelial progenitor cells and vascular repair","volume":"117","author":"Cubbon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-5-S1-S16","article-title":"Network screening of Goto-Kakizaki rat liver microarray data during diabetic progression","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25144","article-title":"Effector CD8 T cells dedifferentiate into long-lived memory cells","volume":"552","author":"Youngblood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.05.001","article-title":"Plasticity of CD4+ T cell lineage differentiation","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030338","article-title":"Helper cell differentiation, heterogeneity, and plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521957","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/521957","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic plasticity of CD4(+) T cell subsets","volume":"2015","author":"Caza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1494-4","article-title":"T-cell senescence contributes to abnormal glucose homeostasis in humans and mice","volume":"10","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.106.142851","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.11.003","article-title":"Interferon gamma: a master regulator of atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"McLaren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.09.006","article-title":"Hematopoietic cell-specific deletion of toll-like receptor 4 ameliorates hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in high-fat-fed mice","volume":"10","author":"Saberi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154892","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review on the functional role of Th1\/Th2 cytokines in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic complications","volume":"126","author":"Mahlangu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.02.007","article-title":"The alteration of Th1\/Th2\/Th17\/Treg paradigm in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: relationship with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02061","article-title":"The dual nature of type I and type II interferons","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep028","article-title":"Th17 and regulatory T cells: rebalancing pro- and anti-inflammatory forces in autoimmune arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Nistala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.04.001","article-title":"The tolerogenic role of IFN-\u03b3","volume":"41","author":"Ro\u017eman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.08.003","article-title":"Interferon alpha: the key trigger of type 1 diabetes","volume":"94","author":"Lombardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib61","first-page":"29","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2: the sword, the wand, and the shield of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Tran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0132","article-title":"Insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes induces upregulation of regulatory T-cell markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with insulin in\u00a0vitro","volume":"55","author":"Tiittanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2001","article-title":"Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Winer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.169","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201183","article-title":"Immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 deficiency and inhibition suppresses Th1 and Th17 but enhances regulatory T cell differentiation","volume":"189","author":"Kalim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737193","article-title":"Deficient SOCS3 expression in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and SOCS3-mediated suppression of Treg function","volume":"37","author":"Pillemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20140143","article-title":"Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins as guardians of inflammatory responses critical for regulating insulin sensitivity","volume":"461","author":"Galic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42394","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200444200","article-title":"SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 block insulin signaling by ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRS1 and IRS2","volume":"277","author":"Rui","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00596","article-title":"Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 inhibition upregulates Foxp3+ regulatory T cells frequency and function during the ulcerative colitis","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.225326","article-title":"Disruption of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 regulates leptin signaling and produces leanness in\u00a0vivo through loss of STAT3 methylation","volume":"107","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra19","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004479","article-title":"Arginine methylation of CRTC2 is critical in the transcriptional control of hepatic glucose metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib72","article-title":"Asymmetric dimethylarginine and cardiovascular risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 prospective studies","volume":"4","author":"Willeit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib73","article-title":"Altered cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes across the menstrual cycle in primary dysmenorrhea: a case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.217","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561420304088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561420304088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:05:48Z","timestamp":1759367148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561420304088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561420304088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prediabetes uncovers differential gene expression at fasting and in response to oral glucose load in immune cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}