{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:32:52Z","timestamp":1791999172383,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004700","name":"Taipei Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMU107-AE1-B05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMU107-AE1-B05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T22:25:45Z","timestamp":1629757545000},"page":"5407-5416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of intranasal oxytocin in food intake and craving: A meta-analysis of clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Chi-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Chih","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka-Wai","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-6886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El-Wui","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib1","series-title":"Obesity and overweight","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.17.2058","article-title":"Depression in association with severe obesity: changes with weight loss","volume":"163","author":"Dixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.03.004","article-title":"Review of the evidence: prevalence of medical conditions in the United States population with serious mental illness","volume":"37","author":"Janssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f5934","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5934","article-title":"Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"347","author":"Gloy","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281361","article-title":"Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Yanovski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00009-1","article-title":"Treating obesity seriously: when recommendations for lifestyle change confront biological adaptations","volume":"3","author":"Ochner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib7","series-title":"Definition & facts for bariatric surgery","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22103","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of evidence for psychological treatments in eating disorders: 2005-2012","volume":"46","author":"Hay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13981","article-title":"Methods to induce labour: a systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"123","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3044","article-title":"Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine","volume":"12","author":"Meyer-Lindenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12381","article-title":"Oxytocin acting in the nucleus accumbens core decreases food intake","volume":"28","author":"Herisson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01599.x","article-title":"Oxytocin reduces satiety scores without affecting the volume of nutrient intake or gastric emptying rate in healthy subjects","volume":"23","author":"Borg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.27","article-title":"Oxytocin by intranasal and intravenous routes reaches the cerebrospinal fluid in rhesus macaques: determination using a novel oxytocin assay","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12584","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of oxytocin's effects on feeding","volume":"30","author":"Leslie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2012.07.001","article-title":"Oxytocin plasma concentrations after single intranasal oxytocin administration - a study in healthy men","volume":"46","author":"Gossen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.10.005","article-title":"A\u00a0spatiotemporal profile of in\u00a0vivo cerebral blood flow changes following intranasal oxytocin in humans","volume":"79","author":"Paloyelis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20963-4","article-title":"Oxytocin curbs calorie intake via food-specific increases in the activity of brain areas that process reward and establish cognitive control","volume":"8","author":"Spetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03440","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid and blood concentrations of oxytocin following its intranasal administration in humans","volume":"3","author":"Striepens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib20","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contr Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112704","article-title":"Oxytocin reduces post-stress sweet snack intake in women without attenuating salivary cortisol","volume":"212","author":"Burmester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.08.003","article-title":"Rapid-onset anorectic effects of intranasal oxytocin in young men","volume":"130","author":"Burmester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21069","article-title":"Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men","volume":"23","author":"Lawson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.226","article-title":"Effects of intranasal oxytocin on the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in food motivation and cognitive control pathways in overweight and obese men","volume":"43","author":"Plessow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23308","article-title":"Oxytocin enhances cognitive control of food craving in women","volume":"37","author":"Striepens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.149","article-title":"Oxytocin's inhibitory effect on food intake is stronger in obese than normal-weight men","volume":"40","author":"Thienel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib28","article-title":"The impact of oxytocin on food intake and emotion recognition in patients with eating disorders: a double blind single dose within-subject cross-over design","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.01.017","article-title":"The effects of intranasal oxytocin on smoothie intake, cortisol and attentional bias in anorexia nervosa","volume":"79","author":"Leppanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.12.014","article-title":"The influence of oxytocin on eating behaviours and stress in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder","volume":"497","author":"Leslie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.10.014","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: randomized controlled trial during re-feeding","volume":"87","author":"Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.03.008","article-title":"Effects of intranasal oxytocin on satiety signaling in people with schizophrenia","volume":"189","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0663","article-title":"Oxytocin reduces reward-driven food intake in humans","volume":"62","author":"Ott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12805","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in regulation of appetitive behaviour, body weight and glucose homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib35","article-title":"Treatment of obesity and diabetes using oxytocin or analogs in patients and mouse models","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.016","article-title":"Reward mechanisms in obesity: new insights and future directions","volume":"69","author":"Kenny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.04.007","article-title":"Relative reinforcing value of food and delayed reward discounting in obesity and disordered eating: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Stojek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.112","article-title":"ALE meta-analysis of action observation and imitation in the human brain","volume":"50","author":"Caspers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00297","article-title":"Effect of oxytocin on hunger discrimination","volume":"10","author":"Head","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib40","article-title":"Role of cholecystokinin in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility","volume":"124","author":"Grider","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06617","article-title":"Decreased nocturnal oxytocin levels in anorexia nervosa are associated with low bone mineral density and fat mass","volume":"72","author":"Lawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.12.001","article-title":"Ghrelin response to hedonic eating in underweight and short-term weight restored patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"235","author":"Maria Monteleone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.01032","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxytocin signaling in association with clinical symptoms in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa-A longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3963","article-title":"Oxytocin and its relationship to body composition, bone mineral density, and hip geometry across the weight spectrum","volume":"102","author":"Schorr","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.7.882","article-title":"CSF oxytocin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: clinical and pathophysiologic considerations","volume":"147","author":"Demitrack","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1898","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1702","article-title":"Oxytocin secretion is associated with severity of disordered eating psychopathology and insular cortex hypoactivation in anorexia nervosa","volume":"97","author":"Lawson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.02.019","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin attenuates attentional bias for eating and fat shape stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.02.015","article-title":"A\u00a0review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin in human research","volume":"36","author":"MacDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12359","article-title":"Unaltered oxytocin and vasopressin plasma levels in patients with schizophrenia after 4 Months of daily treatment with intranasal oxytocin","volume":"28","author":"Busnelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.310","article-title":"Chronic and acute intranasal oxytocin produce divergent social effects in mice","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.08.025","article-title":"Chronic intranasal oxytocin causes long-term impairments in partner preference formation in male prairie voles","volume":"74","author":"Bales","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.02.007","article-title":"Repeated intranasal oxytocin administration in early life dysregulates the HPA axis and alters social behavior","volume":"112\u2013113","author":"Rault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.020","article-title":"Sex differences and estrous influences on oxytocin control of food intake","volume":"447","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2206","article-title":"Decreased circulating levels of oxytocin in obesity and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"99","author":"Qian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561421003915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561421003915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:04:00Z","timestamp":1759367040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561421003915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561421003915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of intranasal oxytocin in food intake and craving: A meta-analysis of clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}