{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:24:47Z","timestamp":1793877887908,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T20:44:47Z","timestamp":1650314687000},"page":"1425-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":401,"title":["Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnosis of malnutrition"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rocco","family":"Barazzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon L.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel T.D.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Higashiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan C.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Boirie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Cruz-Jentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2850-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Fuchs-Tarlovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Heymsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mourtzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Muscaritoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibolya","family":"Nyulasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3901-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veeradej","family":"Pisprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5693-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"De van der Schueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadao","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Cederholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Compher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1440","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition: a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"43","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.022","article-title":"Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults","volume":"39","author":"de van der Schueren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1806","article-title":"Global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults","volume":"44","author":"Keller","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.004","article-title":"GLIM criteria has fair sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malnutrition when using SGA as comparator","volume":"39","author":"Allard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2016","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria, subjective global assessment, and nutrition risk screening 2002 in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting 5-year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute illnesses","volume":"45","author":"Balci","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.11.034","article-title":"Malnutrition according to GLIM criteria in stable renal transplant recipients: reduced muscle mass as predominant phenotypic criterion","volume":"40","author":"Boslooper-Meulenbelt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.01.009","article-title":"GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis of hospitalized patients presents satisfactory criterion validity: a prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib9","first-page":"4","article-title":"A year with the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition - does it work for older persons?","volume":"24","author":"Cederholm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.01.014","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic implications of malnutrition as defined by GLIM criteria in elderly patients with heart failure","volume":"40","author":"Hirose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2123","volume":"46","author":"Ozer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1872","article-title":"Assessing malnutrition in systemic sclerosis with global leadership initiative on malnutrition and European society of clinical nutrition and metabolism criteria","volume":"45","author":"Rosato","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1781","article-title":"GLIM criteria at hospital admission predict 8-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from VIDA study","volume":"44","author":"Sanz-Paris","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1959","article-title":"Predictive validity of body mass index cutoff values used in the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria for discriminating severe and moderate malnutrition based on in-patients with pneumonia in asians","volume":"45","author":"Shimizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.021","article-title":"Validation of GLIM malnutrition criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition in ICU patients: an observational study","volume":"40","author":"Theilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2127","article-title":"Impact of malnutrition diagnosed using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria on clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1873","article-title":"Evaluation of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria using different muscle mass indices for diagnosing malnutrition and predicting survival in lung cancer patients","volume":"45","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2070","article-title":"Classification tree-based machine learning to visualize and validate a decision tool for identifying malnutrition in cancer patients","volume":"45","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.01.033","article-title":"Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.004","article-title":"The GLIM criteria as an effective tool for nutrition assessment and survival prediction in older adult cancer patients","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1826","article-title":"Association of body composition, physical functioning, and protein intake in adult patients with mitochondrial diseases","volume":"45","author":"Zweers","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.07.008","article-title":"Standard operating procedures for ESPEN guidelines and consensus papers","volume":"34","author":"Bischoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib23","series-title":"Human body composition: human kinetics","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib24","first-page":"366","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis in the assessment of sarcopenia","volume":"21","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.988","article-title":"Estimation of total-body and limb muscle mass in hemodialysis patients by using multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy","volume":"82","author":"Kaysen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.06.002","article-title":"Preoperative and postoperative agreement in fat free mass (FFM) between bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"29","author":"van Venrooij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(03)00048-7","article-title":"Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)","volume":"22","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00253-6","article-title":"Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis may represent a reproducible and practical tool to assess skeletal muscle mass in euvolemic acutely ill hospitalized geriatric patients","volume":"11","author":"Sipers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Griatric Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.116772","article-title":"Phase angle and its determinants in healthy subjects: influence of body composition","volume":"103","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib30","first-page":"330","article-title":"Assessment of adult malnutrition and prognosis with bioelectrical impedance analysis: phase angle and impedance ratio","volume":"20","author":"Lukaski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.001","article-title":"A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis","volume":"42","author":"Kanis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.04.005","article-title":"Validation of longitudinal DXA changes in body composition from pre- to mid-adolescence using MRI as reference","volume":"14","author":"Bridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0026","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mass in acromegaly assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and dual-photon x-ray absorptiometry","volume":"94","author":"Freda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00260.2004","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030755","article-title":"Reference values for skeletal muscle mass - current concepts and methodological considerations","volume":"12","author":"Walowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1669","article-title":"American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition clinical guidelines: the validity of body composition assessment in clinical populations","volume":"44","author":"Sheean","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70153-0","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Prado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2018.1511918","article-title":"Implications of low muscle mass across the continuum of care: a narrative review","volume":"50","author":"Prado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-075","article-title":"A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care","volume":"33","author":"Mourtzakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Pysiol Nutr Mtabol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29825-5","article-title":"Skeletal muscle cutoff values for sarcopenia diagnosis using T10 to L5 measurements in a healthy US population","volume":"8","author":"Derstine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.10.023","article-title":"ICU admission muscle and fat mass, survival, and disability at discharge: a prospective cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Jaitovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2020.16","article-title":"Association of muscle strength and gait speed with cross-sectional muscle area determined by mid-thigh computed tomography - a comparison with skeletal muscle mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"9","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12377","article-title":"Calf circumference as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia in Japanese men and women","volume":"15","author":"Kawakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1170","article-title":"Calf circumference: a marker of muscle mass as a predictor of hospital readmission","volume":"42","author":"Real","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.87","article-title":"Validity of mid-arm muscular area measured by anthropometry in nonobese patients with increased muscle atrophy and variation of subcutaneous fat thickness","volume":"64","author":"Saito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1605","article-title":"New prediction equations to estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass using calf circumference: results from NHANES 1999-2006","volume":"43","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib47","author":"CCfDCa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-2276(04)00139-6","article-title":"Subjective Global Assessment in chronic kidney disease: a review","volume":"14","author":"Steiber","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr :"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.03.012","article-title":"Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics\/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition)","volume":"112","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib50","first-page":"303","article-title":"Bedside nutrition evaluation and physical assessment techniques in critical illness","volume":"22","author":"Simpson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00433-9","article-title":"Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update","volume":"12","author":"Perkisas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Griatric Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.007","article-title":"Validity of ultrasound prediction equations for total and regional muscularity in middle-aged and older men and women","volume":"41","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9853-2","article-title":"Prediction and validation of DXA-derived appendicular lean soft tissue mass by ultrasound in older adults","volume":"37","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12210","article-title":"The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Nijholt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcop Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12213","article-title":"Development of a bedside viable ultrasound protocol to quantify appendicular lean tissue mass","volume":"8","author":"Paris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcop Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.029","article-title":"Reliability of bedside ultrasound for measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury","volume":"36","author":"Sabatino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib57","first-page":"241","article-title":"Measuring and monitoring lean body mass in critical illness","volume":"24","author":"Looijaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201612-967PS","article-title":"Skeletal muscle ultrasound in critical care: a tool in need of translation","volume":"14","author":"Mourtzakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0360-2","article-title":"Update on body composition tools in clinical settings: computed tomography, ultrasound, and bioimpedance applications for assessment and monitoring","volume":"73","author":"Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6 Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.018","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: time to meet the challenge","volume":"37","author":"Barazzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.024","article-title":"Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Donini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab029","article-title":"Calf circumference: cutoff values from the NHANES 1999-2006","volume":"113","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly129","article-title":"Strong relation between muscle mass determined by D3-creatine dilution, physical performance, and incidence of falls and mobility limitations in a prospective cohort of older men","volume":"74","author":"Cawthon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A, Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00045.2014","article-title":"Total body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in humans","volume":"116","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab020","article-title":"The association of muscle mass measured by D3-creatine dilution method with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical function in postmenopausal women","volume":"76","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A, Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9830-7","article-title":"Total and appendicular lean mass reference ranges for Australian men and women: the Geelong osteoporosis study","volume":"94","author":"Gould","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00246.2003","article-title":"Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia","volume":"95","author":"Lauretani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.06.015","article-title":"Association between muscle mass and disability in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community-dwelling elderly in Japan","volume":"54","author":"Tanimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.05.016","article-title":"Recent advances in sarcopenia research in asia: 2016 update from the asian working group for sarcopenia","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.001","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - an ESPEN consensus statement","volume":"34","author":"Cederholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802037","article-title":"Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Caucasians aged 18-98 y","volume":"26","author":"Schutz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord :"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.20","article-title":"The impact of insulin resistance and inflammation on the association between sarcopenic obesity and physical functioning","volume":"20","author":"Levine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0506-1","article-title":"Normative data for lean mass using FNIH criteria in an Australian setting","volume":"104","author":"Pasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1042-6","article-title":"Cut-off points for weight and body mass index adjusted bioimpedance analysis measurements of muscle mass","volume":"31","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.011","article-title":"Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to treat malnutrition in older persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The SENATOR project ONTOP series and MaNuEL knowledge hub project","volume":"49","author":"Correa-Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250439","article-title":"Body composition associations with muscle strength in older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"16","author":"Hiol","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092163","article-title":"Effects of exercise and nutritional intervention on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy009","article-title":"Effects of resistance training, endurance training and whole-body vibration on lean body mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12394","article-title":"Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Ten Haaf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcop Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy192","article-title":"Effects of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Ten Haaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561422000449?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561422000449?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:09:54Z","timestamp":1759367394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561422000449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561422000449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnosis of malnutrition","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}