{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:17:02Z","timestamp":1786987022829,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T02:17:39Z","timestamp":1652840259000},"page":"1483-1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relationship between the consumption of wholegrain and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The TCLSIH cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Hanzhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunliang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Rayamajhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrish","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuena","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaomei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaijun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.37349\/emed.2020.00007","article-title":"Perspectives of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease research: a personal point of view","volume":"1","author":"Lonardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Explor Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313884","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases","volume":"66","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013","article-title":"NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease","volume":"72","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26672","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Birkenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise","volume":"67","author":"Romero-Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31824cf51e","article-title":"The role of nutrients in the development, progression, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390802248734","article-title":"Health benefits of whole grain phytochemicals","volume":"50","author":"Okarter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516001161","article-title":"Whole-grain dietary recommendations: the need for a unified global approach","volume":"115","author":"Seal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib11","series-title":"Whole grain definition","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003260","article-title":"Behavioural, attitudinal and dietary responses to the consumption of wholegrain foods","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib13","first-page":"3","article-title":"Precision medicine approaches in metabolic disorders and target organ damage: where are we now, and where are we going?","volume":"1","author":"Lonardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabol Target Organ Damage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002769","article-title":"Whole-grain consumption and its effects on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"123","author":"Dorosti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14164","article-title":"Association between nut consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib16","first-page":"434","article-title":"The relationship between thyroid function and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in euthyroid subjects","volume":"102","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i5.769","article-title":"Importance of imaging and recent developments in diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Koplay","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0179","article-title":"Association between dietary raw garlic intake and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study","volume":"181","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071449","article-title":"Considering gender differences in portion sizes to improve the accuracy of nutrient intakes from A food frequency questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib20","series-title":"China food composition","author":"Yang","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00917-2","article-title":"The consumption of wholegrain is related to depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"76","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30039-1","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0679-y","article-title":"The impact of cereal grain consumption on the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Georgoulis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020173","article-title":"The effects of moderate whole grain consumption on fasting glucose and lipids, gastrointestinal symptoms, and microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.390","article-title":"Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"76","author":"McKeown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3952-1","article-title":"Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current approaches and future directions","volume":"59","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.05.003","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia: an update","volume":"65","author":"Katsiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303816","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"62","author":"Le Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03011-w","article-title":"The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"76","author":"Safari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib33","first-page":"8314852","article-title":"Enhancing exercise responsiveness across prediabetes phenotypes by targeting insulin sensitivity with nutrition","volume":"2017","author":"Gaitan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib34","article-title":"A\u00a0whole-grain diet increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of gut hormones in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Malin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2019-00034","article-title":"The liver as an endocrine organ-linking NAFLD and insulin resistance","volume":"40","author":"Watt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903930k","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of betaine and free choline in plasma, cereals and cereal products by isotope dilution LC-MS\/MS","volume":"58","author":"Bruce","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510005209","article-title":"A\u00a0whole-grain cereal-rich diet increases plasma betaine, and tends to decrease total and LDL-cholesterol compared with a refined-grain diet in healthy subjects","volume":"105","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.11.043","article-title":"Betaine prevented fructose-induced NAFLD by regulating LXRalpha\/PPARalpha pathway and alleviating ER stress in rats","volume":"770","author":"Ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02362-6","article-title":"Betaine prevented high-fat diet-induced NAFLD by regulating the FGF10\/AMPK signaling pathway in ApoE(-\/-) mice","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000041","article-title":"New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?","volume":"23","author":"Fardet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000213Y.0000000050","article-title":"The relationship between oxidative stress and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: its effects on the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Ucar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23621","article-title":"Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"115","author":"Donnelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1668","article-title":"Sex and menopause modify the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes on fibrosis in NAFLD","volume":"5","author":"Wegermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30626","article-title":"Sex differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: state of the art and identification of research gaps","volume":"70","author":"Lonardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","article-title":"Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib46","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of NAFLD in adults. Focus on clinical aspects and implications for practice and translational research","volume":"9","author":"Lonardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib47","first-page":"7","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the detection of hepatic steatosis: an updated meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"1","author":"Ballestri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabol Target Organ Damage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.04.003","article-title":"Ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator detects mild steatosis and correlates with metabolic\/histological parameters in various liver diseases","volume":"72","author":"Ballestri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561422001601?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561422001601?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1759367231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561422001601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561422001601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship between the consumption of wholegrain and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The TCLSIH cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}