{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:15:02Z","timestamp":1786986902508,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6150-00004B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6150-00004B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalnutritionjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1678885566000},"page":"773-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Bovine colostrum as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants \u2013 A randomized controlled trial (FortiColos)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Agnethe May","family":"Ahnfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Aunsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Moelholm","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Hoest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vald\u00eds","family":"J\u00f3hannsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne Soendergaard","family":"Kappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Klamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha Kanijo","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Torp","family":"Sangild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Lawaetz","family":"Skovgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"van Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Dyrberg","family":"Vibede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gitte","family":"Zachariassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.280","article-title":"Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants","volume":"104","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13128","article-title":"Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Ong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000368181","article-title":"Enhanced nutrient supply to very low birth weight infants is associated with improved white matter maturation and head growth","volume":"107","author":"Str\u00f8mmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092029","article-title":"The influence of early nutrition on brain growth and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm babies: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Cormack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","article-title":"Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European society of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition","volume":"50","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2008.01460.x","article-title":"Milk curd obstruction in premature infants receiving fortified expressed breast milk","volume":"45","author":"Wagener","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0678","article-title":"Fortification of breast milk with preterm formula powder vs human milk fortifier in preterm neonates: a randomized noninferiority trial","volume":"175","author":"Chinnappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002168","article-title":"A\u00a0novel donkey milk-derived human milk fortifier in feeding preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Bertino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.11.011","article-title":"The use of multinutrient human milk fortifiers in preterm infants: a systematic review of unanswered questions","volume":"44","author":"Mimouni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0133","article-title":"Preterm infants fed cow's milk-derived fortifier had adverse outcomes despite a base diet of only mother's own milk","volume":"15","author":"Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1974","article-title":"Randomized trial of donor human milk versus preterm formula as substitutes for mothers' own milk in the feeding of extremely premature infants","volume":"116","author":"Schanler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082551","article-title":"Potential benefits of bovine colostrum in pediatric nutrition and health","volume":"13","author":"Sangild","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.04.028","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns","volume":"45","author":"Chatterton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00052","article-title":"Effects of bovine immunoglobulins on immune function, allergy, and infection","volume":"5","author":"Ulfman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082551","article-title":"Potential benefits of bovine colostrum in pediatric nutrition and health","volume":"13","author":"Sangild","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0767","article-title":"Human and bovine colostrum for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Sadeghirad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02998B","article-title":"Bioactive proteins in bovine colostrum and effects of heating, drying and irradiation","volume":"11","author":"Chatterton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib18","article-title":"Heat treatment and irradiation reduce anti-bacterial and immune-modulatory properties of bovine colostrum","volume":"57","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Funct Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001056","article-title":"Spray dried, pasteurised bovine colostrum protects against gut dysfunction and inflammation in preterm pigs","volume":"63","author":"Sty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1092","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00414.2007","article-title":"Enteral feeding induces diet-dependent mucosal dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs on parenteral nutrition","volume":"295","author":"Bjornvad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001131","article-title":"Oral supplementation with bovine colostrum prevents septic shock and brain barrier disruption during bloodstream infection in preterm newborn pigs","volume":"51","author":"Brunse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G480","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00139.2016","article-title":"Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth, digestive function, and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs","volume":"311","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G310","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00163.2015","article-title":"Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs","volume":"309","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001774","article-title":"Bovine colostrum for preterm infants in the first days of life: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"66","author":"Juhl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00042","article-title":"A\u00a0stepwise, pilot study of bovine colostrum to supplement the first enteral feeding in preterm infants (precolos): study protocol and initial results","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7","article-title":"FortiColos - a multicentre study using bovine colostrum as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial","volume":"20","author":"Ahnfeldt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224756","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled study to investigate how bovine colostrum fortification of human milk affects bowel habits in preterm infants (FortiColos study)","volume":"14","author":"Kappel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Inf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","article-title":"Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European society of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition","volume":"50","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003642","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in preterm infants (2022): a position paper from the espghan committee on nutrition and invited experts","volume":"76","author":"Embleton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00076","article-title":"Fortification of human milk for preterm infants: update and recommendations of the European milk bank association (EMBA) working group on human milk fortification","volume":"7","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000663","article-title":"Differences in current procedures for handling of expressed mother's milk in Danish neonatal care units","volume":"19","author":"Simonsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999783","article-title":"The incidence of meningitis in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"4","author":"Kliegman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14143","article-title":"An exploration of the methods to determine the protein-specific synthesis and breakdown rates in\u00a0vivo in humans","volume":"7","author":"Holm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiological reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-8","article-title":"Continuous growth reference from 24th week of gestation to 24 months by gender","volume":"8","author":"Niklasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib36","first-page":"A4631","article-title":"The content of macronutrients in milk from mothers of very preterm infants is highly variable","volume":"60","author":"Zachariassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"DanMedJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11405.x","article-title":"Amino acid levels in the critically ill preterm infant given mother's milk fortified with protein from human or cow's milk","volume":"79","author":"Hagelberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.12.1257","article-title":"Plasma amino acids in small preterm infants fed on human milk or formula","volume":"62","author":"Ventura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.6.909","article-title":"Amino acid concentrations in plasma and urine in very low birth weight infants fed protein-unenriched or human milk protein-enriched human milk","volume":"86","author":"Polberger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R4","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00094.2013","article-title":"Similar efficacy of human banked milk and bovine colostrum to decrease incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm piglets","volume":"305","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03062","article-title":"Bovine colostrum before or after formula feeding improves systemic immune protection and gut function in newborn preterm pigs","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib42","first-page":"1781","article-title":"Introduction of enteral food increases plasma GLP-2 and decreases GLP-2 receptor mRNA abundance during pig development","volume":"133","author":"Petersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.05.013","article-title":"Bovine colostrum improves intestinal function following formula-induced gut inflammation in preterm pigs","volume":"33","author":"St\u00f8y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003147","article-title":"Supplementary bovine colostrum feeding to formula-fed preterm pigs improves gut function and reduces necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"73","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib45","first-page":"336","article-title":"Nutrient fortification of human donor milk affects intestinal function and protein metabolism in preterm pigs","volume":"148","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1422","article-title":"Human milk fortification with bovine colostrum is superior to formula-based fortifiers to prevent gut dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, and systemic infection in preterm pigs","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1466","article-title":"Time to full enteral feeding for very low-birth-weight infants varies markedly among hospitals worldwide but may not Be associated with incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis: the NEOMUNE-NeoNutriNet cohort study","volume":"43","author":"de Waard","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN - J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.032","article-title":"Early use of antibiotics is associated with a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm, very low birth weight infants: the NEOMUNE-NeoNutriNet cohort study","volume":"227","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01344-y","article-title":"Gut priming with bovine colostrum and T regulatory cells in preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Ismail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000501279","article-title":"Early versus delayed fortification of human milk in preterm infants: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Alyahya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.06.002","article-title":"Protein intakes to optimize outcomes for preterm infants","volume":"43","author":"Embleton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1136-5","article-title":"Effect of increased enteral protein intake on plasma and urinary urea concentrations in preterm infants born at < 32 weeks gestation and < 1500 g birth weight enrolled in a randomized controlled trial - a secondary analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mathes","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003959.pub2","article-title":"Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants","author":"Premji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000196376.99101.34","article-title":"High protein pre-term infant formula: effect on nutrient balance, metabolic status and growth","volume":"59","author":"Cooke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib55","article-title":"Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants","volume":"6","author":"Fenton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.01.003","article-title":"Enhanced nutrient supply to very low birth weight infants is associated with higher blood amino acid concentrations and improved growth","volume":"18","author":"Str\u00f8mmen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000108","article-title":"Considerations in meeting protein needs of the human milk-fed preterm infant","volume":"14","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses"},{"issue":"7 Spec No","key":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.7_Spec_No.939","article-title":"Plasma amino acid concentrations in parenterally fed preterm infants","volume":"64","author":"Clark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561423000857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0261561423000857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:12:34Z","timestamp":1759367554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0261561423000857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0261561423000857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-5614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-5614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bovine colostrum as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants \u2013 A randomized controlled trial (FortiColos)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}